國立臺南女中 110 學年度第一次教師甄選試題卷(英文科)
I. Multiple Choice 17%
1. People were ______ by the murderer’s attitude. Apparently, he showed no compunction about his crime.
(A) appalled (B) compounded (C) elated (D) redressed
2. Convenience stores like 7-11 and Family Mart are ______ in Taiwan. You can spot them on practically every corner.
(A) anonymous (B) autonomous (C) ubiquitous (D) unanimous
3. They quickly walked past the decrepit market, disturbed by the ______ odor of the rotting vegetables.
(A) fetid (B) gratuitous (C) onerous (D) stingy
4. The violinist delivered a ______ performance that displayed none of the passion and warmth he was once known for.
(A) courteous (B) culpable (C) pejorative (D) perfunctory
5. The two girls exchanged ______ glances across the dinner table, trying to keep their surprise to themselves.
(A) innate (B) irate (C) fuming (D) furtive
6. Many parents feel ______ to pay for at least part of the wedding, but actually it is never their responsibility.
(A) comparative (B) impartial (C) obliged (D) reversed
7. You should restrict your presentation to issues ______ to our current discussion. We do not have time for irrelevant details.
(A) confined (B) ebullient (C) germane (D) paramount
Historically, as countries have developed industrially, they have undergone declines in death ratesfollowed by declines in birth rates. Over time they have tended to move from rapid increases in populationto slower increases, then to zero growth and finally to population decreases. The model which demographers use to help explain these changes in population growth is known as the demographic transition model. In order to properly appreciate the demographic transition model, it is necessary tounderstand two basic concepts: the crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR). The CBR isdetermined by taking the number of births in a country in a given year and dividing it by the total population of the country and then multiplying the answer by one thousand. So, for example, the CBR of the UnitedStates in 2004 was 14 (in other words, there were 14 births per thousand living people in that year). CDR isworked out in a similar way. The CDR for the United States in 2004 was 8 per thousand.
The first stage of the demographic transition model portrays a preindustrial era when both the birthrate and the death rate were high. Typically, women gave birth to a large number of babies. This was partly due to cultural and religious pressures but also because families required a large number of children, since often many didn’t survive into adulthood due to the harsh living conditions. Furthermore, children were needed to help adults work the land or perform other chores. The death rate was high due to the high
incidence of diseases and famine and also because of poor hygiene. Total population tended to fluctuate due to occasional epidemics, but overall there was only a very gradual long-term increase during this stage.
During the second stage, improvements in hygiene, medical care, and food production led to a decrease in the death rate in newly industrializing regions of Western Europe. However, birth rates remained high due to the tradition and because many people were involved in agrarian occupations. The combination of a lowered CDR and a stable CBR led to dramatic increases in population starting at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
In stage three, birth rates also began to fall. (A) In cities there was less incentive to produce large numbers of children, since city dwellers no longer worked the land, and the cost of raising children in an urban environment was greater than in rural districts. (B) Furthermore, more children survived into adulthood due to improved living conditions. (C) These economic pressures led to a lower CBR and over time the numbers of people being born started to approximate the numbers dying. (D)
The final stage, which some demographers have called the postindustrial stage, occurs when birth rates and death rates are about equal. In this case there is zero natural population growth. Over time the birth rate may fall below the death rate, and without immigration the total population may slowly decrease. By the early twenty-first century, several European countries were experiencing population declines due to the CDR outstripping the CBR. For example, in Italy in 2004 there were about 9 births per thousand against deaths per thousand.
The demographic transition took about 200 years to complete in Europe. Many developing countries are still in stage two of the demographic transition model: births far outstrip deaths. In these countries, CDR has declined due to improvements in sanitation and increases in food productivity, but the birth rate has still not adjusted downward to the new realities of improved living conditions. This imbalance of births over deaths in the developing world is the fundamental reason for the dramatic population explosion in the latter
half of the twentieth century. However, population statistics indicate that in many less developed countries the CBRs have begun to decline over recent decades, giving rise to optimism in some quarters about future trends. The rapid industrialization of many parts of the developing world has meant that these countries have reached stage three of the model much faster than countries in the developed world did during the nineteenth century. This fact has led many demographers to predict that world population will reach an equilibrium level sooner and at a lower total than more pessimistic earlier predictions.
8. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to .
(A) population
(B) year
(C) country
(D) number
9. According to paragraph 1, what is useful about the demographic transition model?
(A) It helps explain trends in population growth over time.
(B) It can be used to measure birth and death rates.
(C) It clarifies the causes of population increase.
(D) It predicts the relative speed of population patterns.
10. In paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT mentioned as relevant to the high birth rates in the preindustrial stage?
(A) The high level of childhood deaths
(B) The need for help in work situations
(C) The pressures of tradition
(D) The high rate of maternal deaths
11. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the effect of epidemic diseases on population during the preindustrial stage?
(A) They tended to dramatically lower the population growth.
(B) They caused the population to decline temporarily.
(C) They reduced overall population significantly.
(D) They led to sudden overall increases in the birth rate.
12. The word “agrarian” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
(A) basic
(B) menial
(C) farming
(D) village
13. According to paragraph 4, what was one of the main causes of the drop in birth rates?
(A) The improvements in hygiene
(B) The lack of agricultural work
(C) The development of urbanization
(D) The superior environment
14. The word “equilibrium” in paragrph 6 is closest in meaning to .
(A) economic
(B) stable
(C) variable
(D) fixed
15. According to paragraph 6, what is at the root of the huge population increases during the twentiethcentury?
(A) The improvements in health throughout the developing world
(B) The fact that birth rates are increasing in many countries
(C) The lack of resources in many developing countries
(D) The failure of the CDR to respond to economic pressures
16. Why does the author mention the optimism felt in some quarters about future population trends?
(A) To introduce the fact that birth rates in some developing countries may be declining faster thananticipated
(B) To emphasize that most researchers have taken a pessimistic view of population expansion
(C) To show that the demographic transition is a valid model of population trends
(D) To suggest that some countries have worked hard a reducing birth rates
17. Choose the letter,(A) (B) (C) (D) in paragraph 4, which shows where the following sentence should be
added.
“ Industrialization had led to increased urbanization.”
II. Discourse Analysis 10%
As Bitcoin, the world’s biggest cryptocurrency, keeps hitting record highs, crypto-mining has become the latest global craze. But before you jump on the bandwagon and become a miner, it helps to have some understanding of blockchain, the record-keeping technology behind the Bitcoin network. Blockchain, sometimes referred to as Distributed Ledger(分類帳) Technology (DLT), is a specific type of database. __18__. As new data comes in, it is entered into a fresh block. Once the block is filled with data it is chained onto the previous block, which makes the data chained together in chronological order. Different types of information can be stored on a blockchain, but the most common use so far has been as a ledger for transactions. __19__. Decentralized blockchains are immutable, which means that the data entered is irreversible. For Bitcoin, this means that transactions are permanently recorded and viewable to anyone. Blockchain seems complicated, and it definitely can be, but its core concept is really quite simple. A simple analogy for understanding blockchain technology is a Google Doc. When we create a document and share it with a group of people, the document is distributed instead of copied or transferred. __20__. No one is locked out awaiting changes from another party, while all modifications to the doc are being recorded in real-time, making changes completely transparent. Of course, blockchain is more complicated than a Google Doc, but the analogy is apt because it illustrates its critical ideas.
While there are significant upsides to the blockchain, there are also significant challenges to its adoption. Firstly, although blockchain can save users money on transaction fees, the technology is far from free. __21__. Also, blockchain is not efficient enough. Bitcoin is a perfect case study for the possible inefficiencies of blockchain. Bitcoin’s “proof of work” system takes about ten minutes to add a new block to the blockchain. __22__. Finally, while confidentiality on the blockchain network protects users from hacks and preserves privacy, it also allows for illegal trading and activity on the blockchain network. The most cited example of blockchain being used for illicit transactions is probably the Silk Road, an online “dark web” drug marketplace operating from February 2011 until October 2013 when it was shut down by the FBI.
Despite its drawbacks, blockchain is still an especially promising and revolutionary technology because it helps reduce risk, stamps out fraud and brings transparency in a scaleable way for myriad uses. Just as the MIT Technology Review concludes, “The whole point of using a blockchain is to let people — in particular, people who don't trust one another — share valuable data in a secure, tamperproof way.”
(A) This creates a decentralized distribution chain that gives everyone access to the document at the same time
(B) It makes the history of any digital asset unalterable and transparent through the use of decentralization and cryptographic hashing
(C) The “proof of work” system that bitcoin uses to validate transactions, for example, consumes vast amounts of computational power
(D) In Bitcoin’s case, blockchain is used in a decentralized way so that no single person or group has control—rather, all users collectively retain control
(E) With solutions to this issue being in development for years, there are currently blockchains that are boasting over 30,000 transactions per second
(F) It differs from a typical database in the way it stores information by keeping data in blocks that are then chained together
(G) At that rate, it’s estimated that the blockchain network can only manage about seven transactions per second
III. Reading Comprehension (8%)
Around the world, governments and automakers are promoting electric vehicles as a key technology to curb oil use and fight climate change. As electric cars and trucks go mainstream, however, they have faced a persistent question: Are they really as green as advertised? While experts broadly agree that electric vehicles are a more climate friendly option than traditional vehicles, they can still have their own environmental impacts, depending on how they’re charged up and manufactured.
Broadly speaking, most electric cars sold today tend to produce significantly fewer planet-warming emissions than most cars fueled with gasoline. But a lot depends on how much coal is being burned to charge up those plug-in vehicles. An all-electric Chevrolet Bolt, for instance, can be expected to produce 189 grams of carbon dioxide for every mile driven over its lifetime. By contrast, a new gasoline-fueled Toyota Camry is estimated to produce 385 grams of carbon dioxide per mile. A new Ford F-150 pickup truck, which is even less fuel-efficient, produces 636 grams of carbon dioxide per mile. On the other hand, if the Bolt is charged up on a coal-heavy grid, such as those currently found in the Midwest, it can actually be a bit worse for the climate than a modern hybrid car like the Toyota Prius, which runs on gasoline but uses a battery to bolster its mileage. (The coal-powered Bolt would still beat the Camry and the F-150, however.)
“Coal tends to be the critical factor,” said Jeremy Michalek, a professor of engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. “If you’ve got electric cars in Pittsburgh that are being plugged in at night and leading nearby coal plants to burn more coal to charge them, then the climate benefits won’t be as great, and you can even get more air pollution.”
Raw materials used to manufacture electric vehicles can also be problematic. Like many other batteries, the lithium-ion cells that power most electric vehicles rely on raw materials — like cobalt, lithium and rare earth elements — that have been linked to grave environmental and human rights concerns. Cobalt has been especially problematic. Mining cobalt produces hazardous tailings and slag that can leach into the environment, and studies have found high exposure in nearby communities, especially among children, to cobalt and other metals. At present, as much as 70 percent of the world’s cobalt supply is mined in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a substantial proportion in unregulated mines where workers — including many children — dig the metal from the earth using only hand tools at great risk to their health and safety.
To deal with the problem, automakers have committed to eliminating “artisanal” cobalt from their supply chains, and have also said they will develop batteries that decrease, or do away with, cobalt altogether. But that technology is still in development, and the prevalence of these mines means these commitments “aren’t realistic,” said Mickaël Daudin of Pact, a nonprofit organization that works with mining communities in Africa. Instead, Mr. Daudin said, manufacturers need to work with these mines to lessen their environmental footprint and make sure miners are working in safe conditions. Green as they seem, there is still much room for improvement for these electric cars.
23. What is the purpose of this passage?
(A) To evaluate electric cars. (B) To provide a solution to climate change.
(C) To promote green vehicles. (D) To warn against cobalt mining.
24. Which of the following is used synonymously with plug-in vehicles?
(A) Electric cars. (B) Hybrid cars.
(C) Cars with combustion engines (D) Cars fueled with gasoline.
25. In a city that generates electricity by burning coal, how environmentally friendly are the following cars?
X: Chevrolet Bolt, Y: FordF-150, Z: Toyota Camry, W: Toyota Prius Please arrange them in the correct order, from the most environmentally friendly to the least environmentally friendly.
(A) XWZY (B) XZYW (C) WXZY (D) WZYX
26. What does “artisanal” cobalt most likely refer to?
(A) Cobalt mined with craftsmanship. (B) Cobalt mined with hand tools.
(C) Cobalt causing radioactive pollution. (D) Cobalt causing water pollution.
IV. Examination Questions Design 35%
1. Please SUMMARIZE the following article into 200 to 250 words (6%) and design FIVE cloze test questions
(5%) and THREE reading comprehension questions (9%) respectively, based on your REWRITTEN passage.
(20%)
（閱測題請至少出一題混合題型。克漏字與閱測題皆須附上答案。）
The original text:
People must breathe in order to live. The process of breathing ("respiration", in medical terminology) is critical because it is the sole mechanism through which vital gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can move between the air and the blood. When someone breathes in, oxygen is removed from the air and dissolved into the blood where it is used as fuel by the body's cells. When someone breathes out, cellular waste products like carbon dioxide are removed from the blood and exhaled back out into the air. This complex transfer of gasses takes place in the lungs and involves a number of structures associated with the lungs that help move gasses between the lungs and the air: the bronchi (airways or passages within the lungs), and the alveoli (tiny air sacs composed of special membranes found at the end of the bronchi at which point the transfer of gases between the blood and the air occurs).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD for short) occurs when permanent blockages form within the pulmonary system (the term "pulmonary" refers to the lungs and respiratory system) that interfere with the transfer of vital gasses. To be diagnosed with COPD means that some portion of one's bronchi or alveoli have become permanently obstructed, reducing the volume of air that can be handled by the lungs. As this process progresses, the overall efficiency of the gas exchange process is reduced.
There are two underlying disorders that can cause COPD: Emphysema and chronic Bronchitis. Bronchitis is literally an inflammation of the bronchi. The walls of the bronchi inside the lungs become inflamed, and this inflammation decreases the bronchi's diameter so that less air is able to flow through than normal. The inflammation process promotes excessive production of mucus. Bronchial mucus, which serves to keep the airways clean and free of bacteria, is produced under normal conditions. However, the excessive mucus produced in bronchitis is thicker and more difficult to cough up than normal, and acts to clog the airways and inhibit lung capacity.
Emphysema also reduces the efficiency of the gas exchange process, only in a different manner. Emphysema affects the alveoli, specifically their sensitive membranes through which the gas exchange process occurs. Emphysema causes alveolar membranes to lose elasticity, become brittle, and then actually rip and tear. Broken alveolar membranes cannot be regenerated by the body. Each time alveolar membranes burst, more surface area within the lung necessary for gas transfer is permanently lost. As this process progresses, it becomes very difficult for patients to exhale because their weakened airways threaten collapse the harder they try to breathe out. The heart tries to compensate for the loss
of oxygen available in the bloodstream by pumping harder and faster, a process associated with other serious complications including heart failure.
Asthma is another respiratory disease that may be associated with COPD but which is not itself classified as COPD. People who have asthma have highly sensitive bronchi that are more reactive to environmental irritants like smoke, dust and pollen than are the bronchi of people who do not have asthma. During an asthma attack, asthma patients' bronchi swell and narrow in a manner similar to what occurs in bronchitis, restricting the volume of gasses that can be transferred between the blood and the air. At this time, the exact relationship between asthma and COPD is unclear. However, there is some evidence to support the "Dutch Hypothesis" that both asthma and COPD have common genetic origins and may represent different expressions of a similar disease process. The jury is still out on whether the Dutch Hypothesis is accurate or not, but numerous researchers believe that it is at least partially true that asthmatic people may have a heightened genetic vulnerability for COPD.
2. Please make the following passage into a passage of 250-300 words, design a discourse analysis question (篇章結構). Rewrite and underline the FOUR sentences that will be made into blanks.(15%)
The original text:
Economic hardship exacts a toll on millions of families worldwide – and in some places, it comes at the price of a child’s physical safety. Nearly 1 in 10 children across the globe (around 152 million) are subjected to child labour, almost half of whom are in hazardous forms of work.
Children may be driven into work for various reasons. Most often, child labour occurs when families face financial challenges or uncertainty – whether due to poverty, sudden illness of a caregiver, or job loss of a primary wage earner. The consequences are staggering. Child labour can result in extreme bodily and mental harm, and even death. It can lead to slavery and sexual or economic exploitation. And in nearly every case, it cuts children off from schooling and health care, restricting their fundamental rights and threatening their futures. Migrant and refugee children – many of whom have been uprooted by conflict, disaster or poverty – also risk being forced into work and even trafficked, especially if they are migrating alone or taking irregular routes with their families. Trafficked children are often subjected to violence, abuse and other human rights violations. And some may be forced to break the law. For girls, the threat of sexual exploitation looms large, while boys may be exploited by armed forces or groups. Whatever the cause, child labour compounds social inequality and discrimination, and robs girls and boys of their childhood. Unlike activities that help children develop, such as contributing to light housework or taking on a job during school holidays, child labour limits access to education and harms a child’s physical, mental and social growth. Especially for girls, the “triple burden” of school, work and household chores heightens their risk of falling behind, making them even more vulnerable to poverty and exclusion.
UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) works to prevent and respond to child labour, especially by strengthening the social service workforce. Social service workers play a key role in recognizing, preventing and managing risks that can lead to child labour. Their efforts develop and support the workforce to identify and respond to potential situations of child labour through case management and social protection services, including early identification, registration and interim rehabilitation and referral services. They also focus on strengthening parenting and community education initiatives to address harmful social norms that perpetuate child labour, while partnering with national and local governments to prevent violence, exploitation and abuse. With the International Labour Organization (ILO), we help to collect data that make child labour visible to decision makers. These efforts complement our work to strengthen birth registration systems, ensuring that all children possess birth certificates that prove they are under the legal age to work. Children removed from labour must also be safely returned to school or training. UNICEF supports increased access to quality education and provides comprehensive social services to keep children protected and with their families. To address child trafficking, UNICEF works with United Nations partners and the European Union on initiatives that reach 13 countries across Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America.
V. Essay Questions 20%
1. To develop Taiwan into a bilingual nation, many bilingual experimental classes are to be set up. As the English and homeroom teacher of the bilingual experimental class of Tainan Girls’ Senior High School,how would you cooperate with teachers of other subjects to design lessons and help them incorporate English into their courses? Please use a certain subject to make clear your teaching goals and explain how you will work with the teacher specifically. (10%)
2. Social media and smart phones have played an important role in our daily life. Many students like to use their phones at school. How will you make use of social media and smart phones in your English teaching to help students FULLY participate in class? Please give 2 specific examples to show how you make them good learning tools. (10%)
VI. Translation 10%
媒體釋讀(media literacy)，簡而言之，就是一種可以分辨不同媒體種類與他們發送出來訊息的能力。當我們看到電視上或是雜誌裡的某個影像，一開始我們腦中浮現的是什麼？我們能了解看到的東西，是根據我們的判斷、過往經驗、跟我們的世界觀，但是這個影像本身就會左右我們的思考往某個方向去。也就是說，影像呈現的方式可能是有偏見的，而且會影響讀者，使他們對某個議題採取某種立場。就過去這幾年科技發展來說吧，我們被許多影像、評論、影片不斷轟炸，試圖想要左右我們的思考方式。所以身為讀者，我們要客觀地看待任何影像，分析出影像呈現的內容。只有在每個論點正反兩面都能被呈現出來時，我們才可以根據我們得到的訊息來做出知情的決定（informed decision）。
參考解答
引用ptt老師們的記憶，怕文章不見，備份保底，歡迎老師補充
歷屆學測自然 
