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Part One: Multiple-Choice Questions (35%)
Please choose the best answer to each question and mark your answers using 2Bpencil on the answer sheet.
I. Vocabulary (12%)
1. It’s frustrating that the information provided to adoption agencies and prospective parents is often _____, confusing, or inaccurate.
(A) laudable (B) charismatic (C) dissolute (D) meager
2. For centuries people have used humor to make political points, deflate egos, and expose lies and hypocrisy. _____ is one form of humor, playing a starring role in the U.S.
(A) Parody (B) Apostrophe (C) Elegy (D) dénouement
3. Every lunar New Year, tradition-conscious Chinese spruce up their houses and _____ their surroundings with festive decorations.
(A) preempt (B) mutilate (C) embellish (D) interrogate
4. Around the fire, tribal elders chanted _____, which marks the beginning of the festival.
(A) grimace (B) incantation (C) elucidation (D) hallucination
5. The protest suddenly went out of control. When police tried to push back the crowd, a few youths _______ by throwing stones at them.
(A) levitated (B) inundated (C) retaliated (D) gravitated
6. Numbers are never my ______, but when it comes to word games, no one can ever beat me.
(A) helm (B) forte (C) armadas (D) ethos
7. Some choose to be a doctor out of passion, while some enter the profession for its ______.
(A) ennui (B) credos (C) kudos (D) umbrage
8. In the experiment, half of the participants were given actual medicine, while the other half a ______.
(A) placebo (B) panacea (C) caveat (D) cynosure
9. My grandma lost in thought recalling the ______ days of her youth, when she was free of worries.
(A) innocuous (B) mettlesome (C) halcyon (D) equable
10. Some teachers find it extremely ______ to be corrected by students, but in fact, we are not infallible.
(A) mortifying (B) sprightly (C) invidious (D) truculent
11. Flying once held great appeal for me, but after traveling ______ times, I am jaded.
(A) luminous (B) turbid (C) rickety (D) umpteen
12. The ________ epidemic prevention help keep the virus at bay.
(A) venomous (B) lethargic (C) lavish (D) scrupulous
II. Discourse (8%)
第 13 題至第 16 題為題組
Disney promised investors in spring 2019 that a new video-streaming service would win between 60m and 90m subscribers by 2024. 13 . In doing so it is fulfilling the digital-transformation plan set in motion three years ago by Bob Iger, Disney’s longtime boss, now its executive chairman.
Marketing muscle, crucial to success, has been backed up by “The Mandalorian”, a space western inspired by “Star Wars”. Such is its popularity that Disney was late meeting demand for a plush-toy of its baby Yoda character. 14 . Lockdowns mean extra hours to while away, notes Tim Mulligan of media Research.
Amid school closures Disney+ has been as trusty a baby-sitter as baby Yoda’s nurse droid. Of all the new streaming services Disney+, which launched in western Europe in March, just as lockdowns began, is the clear winner. Even so it has not touched the leader, Netflix, which has 195m subscribers worldwide and over 70m in America alone.
Disney’s other businesses have suffered because of the pandemic. Shuttered theme parks, closed cinemas and cancelled sporting events have taken their toll. In August Disney said covid-19 wiped out $3.5bn of operating profits at its parks, experiences and products division in three months. The company is expected to report another quarterly loss on November 12th, after The Economist went to press. 15 .
Disney+’s rapid success also underlines a doubt about the firm—whether Mr Iger’s choice of successor was correct. The favourite for the top job was Kevin Mayer, who designed and launched Disney+. Mr Iger chose Bob Chapek, a talented operating executive who had been running theme parks. “Given the runaway success of Disney+ it is even harder to understand how the theme park and home-entertainment executive got the top job,” says Rich Greenfield of LightShed Partners, a research firm. Mr Mayer left Disney this summer.
Will Mr. Chapek now bet heavily on Disney+? The firm as a whole lavishes nearly $30bn a year on original and acquired content but this year set aside only $1bn for Disney+. Netflix spends $15bn a year. The Disney service’s rich library is enough to keep under-tens engaged but it may lose subscribers unless it regularly offers original grown-up fare. Third Point, an activist investor, wants Disney to stop its dividend and spend the $3bn a year on Disney+.
Disney could do more than that if it went “all-in” on streaming, dropping its current system in which, for example, big-budget films go exclusively to cinemas, and putting everything it makes onto Disney+ at once. The service could then spend as much as Netflix and raise its price from $6.99 per month to over $10.
16 . A more likely course is that Disney will move new content more rapidly onto Disney+. It could also combine Disney+ with Hulu, a separate and successful video-streaming service the firm took control of last year.
Disney is expected to announce in December that it will spend a lot more on content for the service. All eyes will be on whether Mr Chapek seems as tuned-in to streaming’s bright future as Mr Iger was.
(A) This would make for a huge global business but there is a danger that it would
swiftly cannibalise the existing parts of Disney’s empire.
(B) The pandemic added a turbocharge, dashing fears that Disney+ and other new
streaming services, like hbo Max and Apple tv+, might struggle to attract timestarved consumers.
(C) Disney+ has outperformed that forecast spectacularly, hitting its five-year
subscriber target in just eight months.
(D) Yet the streaming service’s subscriber gains have helped shield the firm’s share
price.
III. Reading Comprehension (15%)
第 17 題至第 21 題為題組
It’s been about half a century since the first transplant of bone marrow from a donor to a recipient was completed. Since then, bone marrow transplantation has become an integral part of care for many patients with persistent leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and other blood cancers, as well as noncancerous blood disorders such as sickle cell disease. Specifically, we are transplanting stem cells — nascent cells with the capacity to mature into functioning blood and immune system cells — from a matched or partially matched donor into the body of a patient whose own blood-forming system has been destroyed with toxic medication to make way for a healthy new system to grow and develop.
In recent years, however, our field has expanded to include other treatments that work in similar ways as bone marrow transplantation. They are collectively known as "cellular therapies" because they do one of three things: provide healthy new cells to replace diseased cells, release an influx of specially modified immune cells to teach the body's immune cells how to fight disease, or provide cells that connect immune cells with cancer cells they are designed to kill. Study after study has demonstrated how these approaches are extending patients' lives. This progression of therapies is reflected in bone marrow transplant services around the country, many of which — including our own at Hackensack University Medical Center — now include the words "cellular therapy" in their names.
It is an exciting time for those of us in the stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy field. For years, we have concentrated on improving the outcomes of stem cell transplants. We have significantly improved techniques to reduce the risk of graftversus-host disease, a potentially serious complication of transplantation that occurs when immune cells from the donor identify the tissues of the recipient as foreign and attack them, causing a host of inflammatory symptoms. We have learned which medications to give to prevent post-transplant infections such as cytomegalovirus, a common virus that can be damaging in people with compromised immune systems. We are using stem cells from umbilical cord blood to perform more transplants in adult patients. And we have matched more patients with donors by learning how to perform "haploidentical" transplants, where the patient receives a transplant from someone whose particular protein in their cells is partially matched with theirs. These advances are making stem cell transplantation a safer and more effective treatment option for
more patients who need them.
But where we are really seeing a revolution in care is the field of cellular therapy — particularly CAR T-cell immunotherapy. Cancer cells have found ways to escape being detected and destroyed by immune cells. Immunotherapies work by helping the immune system find and kill cancer cells.
With CAR T-cell therapy, immune cells called T cells are removed from the patient, genetically modified in a lab to recognize and attach to certain targets on cancer cells, grown to larger quantities (hundreds of millions), and returned to the patient. There, the modified T cells can find, bind to and kill cancer cells. The treatment is given intravenously. Long after the patient goes home, however, his or her newly educated immune cells continue to detect and destroy cancer cells, which is why this treatment is often referred to as a "living therapy."
CAR T-cell therapies are typically administered in bone marrow transplantation units, and for good reason: Patients receive chemotherapy beforehand, which reduces the immune response. The treatment itself can cause immunologic side effects which, albeit temporary, can be severe — including high fever, body aches and chills. The administration of CAR T-cell therapies requires round-the-clock care from a specially trained and credentialed team. As bone marrow transplant specialists, our experience and knowledge of immunology enable us to recognize and manage the inflammatory complications that may result.
Current CAR T-cell therapies are FDA-approved for the treatment of recurrent or persistent diffuse B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma (which is a very aggressive and challenging cancer) in adults, as well as acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults up to age 25. We are intrigued by other innovative cellular therapies under study in clinical trials, such as natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). These treatments are made from a patient's own tumor tissue, so it has already been exposed to the patient's own immune system. Immune cells within a tumor, which on their own were unable to kill the cancer, are isolated from tumor tissue removed during surgery, modified and multiplied in a lab, and returned to the patient with other medications to boost the immune response against cancer.
Not only is the technology getting better, but the types of tumors we are treating is broadening. New CAR T-cell therapies, NK and TIL treatments, and another approach that combines CAR T-cell and NK therapies may broaden the application of these "living therapies" to patients with solid tumors, including melanoma, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. We're also looking at combining cellular immunotherapies with stem cell transplantation to augment the anticancer immune response even further.
It has been inspirational for us as bone marrow transplant professionals to be part of their development. What we're witnessing now is just the tip of the iceberg. We're only getting better at identifying the best immune cells and engineering them in the best fashion to harness the immune system in the most effective way. Discovery is exponential and the field of immunotherapy is growing at warp speed. It's not impossible to think that we're going to be curing cancer.
17. Which of the following is the best title for this article?
(A) Cellular Therapies Hit Their Stride in Cancer Care
(B) Immunotherapies: Game Changers in Chemotherapy
(C) Immunotherapies: A Watershed in the Treatment of Neurotic Disorders
(D) Cellular Therapies Hold Out the Promise of Improved Bone Marrow Transplants
18. Which of the following illustrations can best present the relationship among cellular
therapies, bone marrow transplants, CAR T-cell immunotherapy, NK and TIL treatments?
第 6 頁，共 10 頁
19. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) Stem cells can only be obtained from spinal cords.
(B) Solid tumors can’t be treated by CAR T-cell therapy yet.
(C) Post-transplant complications are caused by cells from unmatched donors.
(D) NK and TIL treatments involve growing and modifying patients’ cancerous cells.
20. A _____ transplant is a type of allogeneic transplant. For allogeneic transplants, your doctor tests your blood to find out your human leukocyte antigen (HLA)type. HLA is a protein — or marker — found on most cells in your body. They encode cell-surface proteins responsible for the regulation of the immune system.
(A) Haploidentical transplants
(B) Bone marrow transplants
(C) Stem cell transplants
(D) Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes treatments
21. The author of this article is most likely to be _____.
(A)A journalist in Scientific American
(B) A doctor at a clinic
(C) A recipient at a hospital
(D)A specialist in a medical center
Part Two: Free Response Questions (65%)
Please read the instructions carefully and use black or blue pen to write your answers.
IV. Chinese-English Translation (20%)
Please translate the following two Chinese passages into English.
1. 「過度囤積」是一種新型態的疾病，全世界約有 7% 的人口深受影響，且男性比女性還多：注重穿搭的人，會強調不同衣服搭配不同鞋款;看到賣場特價，總覺得「不買可惜」。家中的每個角落堆滿各式收藏品。很多囤積者其實是完美主
義者，他們害怕做錯決定，所以什麼都不丟。
近幾年來，「斷捨離」成為一門整理的藝術。「整理師」亦成為新興行業。取得合格證照的他們協助客戶依循系統化作法，重新定序空間，創造生活的清晰感。
他們點出一般人常有的錯誤觀念是從外面購買收納盒回家，將東西放進去，就覺得「眼不見為淨」。
然而，整理物品，實際上是與自我對話，重新認識自己、做好人生價值排序的一場心靈大掃除。「它的核心原則就是檢視可以讓你怦然心動的東西並將它們留下。」唯有透過丟棄跟清理的過程，方能領悟到最終不願捨棄的才是自己最珍愛的。 (15%)
2. 據英國研究團隊的一個報告顯示，打屁股對兒童大腦發育的影響類似於嚴重暴力虐待造成的後果。研究發現，受虐兒童在回應威脅時，大腦的特定區域活動會增強並可能影響他們的決策以及對局勢的分析能力。研究人員同時指出，體罰一直和心理健康問題、焦慮、憂鬱、行為問題及藥物濫用有關。 (5%)
V. Summary and Cloze Design (25%)
Please read the following article carefully. Then
1. Please summarize the article in about 150~200 words. This summary is intended for 11th graders. (15%)
2. Based on your summary, design 5 cloze questions. Please underline the word or phrase which you intend to turn into a slot. Each question must comprise FOUR options, with one being the correct answer and the other three, distractors. Please provide the answers at the end of this section. (10%)
On a drizzly December morning in Helsinki, Finland, 11-year-old Minh Anh Ho is hunched over a microscope. Her classmates are busy with other tasks. One is interviewing the mayor for a TV news station. Another is running the electric company.
As a researcher for a company that repurposes plastic, Minh Anh is analyzing a sheet of cling wrap. “It’s a really important job,” she says. “Plastic takes a really long time to disappear, so it would be good to come up with something else to do with it and not just throw it away.”
The learning center where Minh Anh and her class are spending their day is designed to introduce kids to working life. Students run an imaginary town, with each kid doing a different job in a different business. Each year, roughly 83% of all sixth graders in Finland go through the program. It teaches them not just about business and working, but also, as Minh Anh’s “job” makes clear, about the circular economy.
Most societies have linear economies. They operate on a “take, make, waste” model. This is when natural resources are taken from the Earth and made into products. Anything leftover (along with the products themselves, when they are no longer useful) is usually thrown away.
In 2016, Finland became the first country to adopt a “road map” to a circular economy. This model focuses on the transformation of existing products. Businesses rely on recycled or repurposed materials and use less raw material to make their products. That reduces the amount of waste going into landfills.
“People think it’s just about recycling,” Nani Pajunen says. She’s a sustainability expert at Sitra, the group that has led Finland’s move toward a circular economy. “But really, it’s about rethinking everything—products, material development, how we consume.”Education has always been a central part of Finland’s plan. The key to changing a society, Pajunen says, is getting people to understand the need for a circular economy
and how they can be part of it.
An educator named Anssi Almgren helped design the curriculum. “Children have so many great ideas,” he says. “We want to enable them to think about solutions.” But changing a society by educating its youth takes time. For example, Tina Harms, a middle-aged mother, had never heard of the term “circular economy.” Her daughter Karin, 19, says she has been aware of it “practically all my life.” Karin persuaded her family to work harder at recycling. At first, Tina was skeptical. Separating plastics was inconvenient.
But Tina has a different view now. “I think that if you have a teenager with very strong feelings about something,” she says, “it’s very demotivating if we older ones don’t show that we’re ready to make the extra effort to change.”
VI. Reading Comprehension Test Design (20%)
Please read the following article carefully. Then, please design 5 reading comprehension questions, which must include:
1. THREE multiple-choice questions. Each question must comprise FOUR options, with one being the correct answer and the other three, distractors. Please provide the answers at the end of this section. (10%)
2. TWO competency-oriented (素養導向) questions. Please provide the keys to the questions. (10%)
—THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST
英文科參考答案
Part One: Multiple-Choice Questions (35%)
I. Vocabulary (12%)
1. DACBC
6. BCACA
11~12. DD
II. Discourse (8%)
13~16. CBDA
III. Reading Comprehension (15%)
17~21. ACBAD
Part Two: Free Response Questions (65%)
IV. Chinese-English Translation (20%)
1.
“Excessive hoarding” has been listed as a new disease, deeply affecting about 7
percent of the population around the world, and the number of males is more than
females: People who are fashion conscious emphasize that different outfits call for
different shoes; it seems to them that not buying items on sale would be a waste.
Variegated collections are piling up high in every corner in the house. Many hoarders
are perfectionists. They are afraid of making the wrong decision, so they don’t throw
anything away.
Over the past few years, “to cut, to abandon, to leave/decluttering” has turned into
an art of organization. A new emerging industry, “professional organizers,” is also rising
up. Accredited organizers help clients reorder space and create systems in order to
achieve a sense of clarity in their lives. They point out that people have the
misconception that all they need to do is buy new storage units and then they stuff them
with possessions. Their thinking is “out of sight, out of mind.”
However, tidying up is about self-discovery, having a conversation with yourself,
and claiming what we value by experiencing the joy of finding more space in our lives.
“Its core principle is to identify the things that spark joy in your heart and keep them.”
Only through the process of discarding and tidying will people realize that the things
we’re most unwilling to part with are what we cherish the most. (15%)
2.
According to a study led by British research teams, spanking may affect a child’s
brain development in similar ways to more severe forms of violence. The research
shows that heightened activities could be found in certain regions of the brains of
children who experience abuse in response to threat, and this may affect their abilities
of making decisions and analyzing situations.
Meanwhile, the researchers pointed out that corporal punishment has been linked
to mental health issues, anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, and drug abuse. (5%
(共 6 分) 
歷屆學測自然 
