阿甘

臺中市立文華高級中等學校 110 學年度第 1 次教師甄選 英文科專業知能試題本(部分試題)

一、選擇題 (共 45 分) 

測驗說明: 測驗說明: 本測驗共有兩部分，含選擇題及非選擇題。選擇題共計36 題，共 45 分，答案請劃記在答案卡上。非選擇題共 3 大題，共 55 分，答案請直接寫在答案卷上，並請清楚標記題號。
I. Vocabulary (10%)
1. Our new manager Patricia is _____ about punctuality, so always arrives 10 minutes before any meeting. 
(A) fractious (B) fastidious (C) factitious (D) facetious

 2. To preserve their energy, hummingbirds in the Andes Mountains have been found to go into exceptionally deep _____, a state similar to hibernation in which their body temperaturefalls by as much as 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
(A) tumult (B) torpor (C) turmoil (D) tentacle
 

3. The new movie sequel immediately became divisive, with some praising the film’s intense fight choreography, while others _____ the director for changing major facets of the main character.
(A) nullified (B) lamented (C) lambasted (D) perforate
 

4. Doctors said that the conventional medicine can only _____ the condition, but it cannot cure them for good. 
(A) palliate (B) captivate (C) extirpate (D) recapitulate
 

5. Public housing tenants routinely complain about _____ living conditions, including frequent hot water outages, broken elevators, lead paint and rats.
(A) immaculate (B) hypnotic (C) squalid (D) flaccid
 

6. In the past five years, skin care companies have increasingly _____ beauty with wellness. Sixty-five percent of customers linked the two categories together in a recent survey.
(A) conflated (B) toppled (C) spurned (D) envisaged
 

 7. My father holds _____ beliefs that boys should always dress in blue while girls should go with pink. 
(A) pugnacious (B) tenacious (C) capricious (D) egregious
 

8. It is strange that Klay is humble and modest with his best friend, but snotty and _____ toward his colleagues.
(A) docile (B) supercilious (C) copious (D) exiguous
 

9. Many consider political systems rife with corruption and , obviating the possibility of running for public office.
(A) disapprobation (B) aptitude (C) candor (D) nepotism
 

10. It is the lack of detailed data and proper statistical analysis that has begun to raise doubts about the _____ of research. 
(A) veracity (B) juxtaposition (C) rapprochement (D) opprobrium
 

II. Cloze Test (10%)
There are few more complex or studied chess openings than the Sicilian Defense. Known since the sixteenth century, it is now recognized as the most-feared __11.__ options for Black response to white playing 1.e4. __12.__ , don’t let the word “defense” fool you—the Sicilian is an aggressive, complex opening with many variations, and in the modern era has been a staple of many grandmasters’ __13.__.

Because it’s an asymmetrical opening, the Sicilian tends to lead to aggressive, exciting contests as white presses her advantage on the kingside while black develops queenside counterplay. The complexity of the positions and the sheer number of variations make it an __14.__ opening for beginners, which is why it’s important to understand the main ideas behind the opening and its major __15.__ before jumping into a game with them. Of course, the Sicilian Dragon is a chess opening which can’t be successfully played without any theoretical knowledge. There are certain razor-sharp lines in which you need to know your stuff inside out.

11. (A) random (B) humdrum (C) counterattacking (D) superficial
12. (A) But (B) Specifically (C) Accordingly (D) Nevertheless
13. (A) repertoires (B) alimony (C) connoisseur (D) pulchritude
14. (A) amicable (B) intimidating (C) artless (D) internecine
15. (A) valediction (B) vacillation (C) variations (D) ventilation
 

Solar energy production has made huge strides in recent years, __16.__ advances in photovoltaic technologies—the underpinnings of solar panels—have made it easier and cheaper to harness energy from the sun. But there are still challenges regarding how to store the energy harvested by solar panels. If we could convert solar energy into a liquid form, though, it becomes much easier to store and transport. Now, a group based at UNC-Chapel Hill has __17.__ a huge grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to advance research on new designs to convert sunlight into storable fuels. If scientists could __18.__ the process in photosynthesis, and produce electricity stored as a liquid fuel, it could potentially be used in combustion engines and fuel cells. 

The process is called artificial photosynthesis, and scientists have made some notable successes __19.__ all contained in the lab. Nonetheless, the technology may not be far away from becoming a reality. If this so-called solar thermal fuel can be perfected, it might __20.__ of fossil fuels.

16. (A) unless (B) while (C) as (D) despite
17. (A) occupied (B) landed (C) yielded (D) amassed
18. (A) reprise (B) reiterate (C) replicate (D) reimburse
19. (A) as if (B) only if (C) now that (D) albeit
20. (A) drive a nail in the coffin  (B) hit a nail on the head  (C) roll in the grave  (D) steal the thunder
 

III. Contextual Matching (7%)
A record-breaking commercial-scale hydrogen plane has taken off in the UK. As the plane rose from the runway for what was to prove a smooth and __21.__ flight, the team breathed a sigh of relief. The six-seater Piper M-Class had been fitted out at a research and development hub at Cranfield airport in the UK to run on hydrogen, and on this __22.__ flight in the late summer of 2020 everything worked perfectly. With that flight, ZeroAvia, the California-based start-up that had developed the aircraft with partners in Britain and elsewhere, was ready to move to the next stage in the journey towards zero carbon aviation. 

 A catchphrase for the transition to a low or zero carbon economy is “electrify everything”—that is, create a world in which most human activities, from manufacturing and construction to transport and tourism, run on electricity __23.__ from low or zero carbon sources such as wind, solar and perhaps nuclear power. But there is a problem: some sectors look to be hard if not impossible to electrify in the near and medium term, and aviation is, perhaps, __24.__ among them. At first glance, hydrogen looks to be a good solution to the challenge of flying without wrecking the climate. Whether hydrogen is used to power a fuel cell or directly __25.__for motive power, the only waste product is clean water. Importantly in the context of flight, hydrogen packs a lot of energy per unit of mass—three times more than conventional jet fuel, and more than a hundred times that of lithium-ion batteries.

 For now, one thing remains almost certain: hydrogen is likely to continue to be __26.__ more expensive than conventional jet fuel for years or decades to come, limiting its role in greening aviation—unless the other costs of aviation come to be weighed __27.__. Campaigners argue that conventionally-fueled aviation must be priced to reflect the cost of the damage it causes to the climate. This might mean higher ticket prices, but it could also give us aviation that does not cost the Earth. 

(A) foremost (B) nonchalant (C) combusted (D) substantially (E) maiden
(AB) otherwise (AC) impartially (AD) uneventful (AE) penchant (BC) generated
 

IV. Reading Comprehension (18%)
In 2015, when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics to Beijing, some people criticized the decision because of China’s human-rights record. Just in the previous few weeks China had rounded up hundreds of civil-society activists across the country. But the rival candidate for the games was another authoritarian state, Kazakhstan. Democracies such as Norway had pulled out of the race. And few people even imagined that, within two years, China would be building a gulag in Xinjiang to incarcerate more than 1m ethnic Uyghurs because of their religious and cultural beliefs.

Attitudes in the West towards China have hardened a lot since the IOC made its decision. In January America called the repression in Xinjiang “genocide”. On March 22nd it joined Britain, Canada and the European Union in a simultaneous declaration of sanctions against Chinese officials involved in that region’s atrocities. It was a rare co-ordinated attempt by Western powers to put pressure on China over its human-rights record. They have been riled, too, by China’s clampdown in Hong Kong and its growing challenge to liberal norms globally. The winter games, which are due to begin on February 4th, will be among the most controversial in Olympic history.Some countries’ leaders may stay away, as may some athletes. America’s president, Joe Biden, has yet to clarify what he will do. But it is unlikely that he or any other senior American official will attend, given how they have described China’s actions in Xinjiang. Mitt Romney, a Republican senator, wrote this month that his country should send its athletes but ask spectators, other than participants’ family members, not to go. China may decide to keep tight border-controls anyway, if it fears a resurgence of covid-19. 

IOC officials say boycotts punish athletes and do not work: the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan continued for eight years after the Moscow Olympics. The IOC shunned South Africa during the apartheid era, but notes that it did so in concert with a broad un-backed international movement. South Africa, however, lacked the political and economic might of China. This month Thomas Bach, the IOC’s president, said his organization was not a “super world government”.

If an Olympic boycott movement gains momentum, it may be due as much to China’s behavior abroad as to its abuses at home.
 

28. Why does the West thwart Beijing’s hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics?
 (A) China is villainous for its inhumane policies against the Uighurs.
 (B) Kazakhstan has been communicating friendliness and openness.
 (C) IOC committed something iniquitous that infuriated Norway.
 (D) Those whose human rights have been deprived spoke out.
 

29. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the Western world is riled?
 (A) A gulag built in Xinjiang. (B) The Uyghur genocide.
 (C) The clampdown in Hong Kong. (D) Sanctions against Chinese officials.
 

30. What is the purpose of Bach saying IOC was not a “super world government”?
 (A) To force acceptance of the Olympic boycott movement.
 (B) To enunciate its aversion to the Soviet and South Africa.
 (C) To clarify that it couldn’t resolve political issues in China.
 (D) To connote its succumbing to Western powers.
 

Frozen organs could be brought back to life safely one day with the aid of nanotechnology, a new study finds. The development could help make donated organs available for virtually everyone who needs them in the future, the researchers say. In the new work, scientists developed a way to safely thaw frozen tissues with the aid of nanoparticles — particles only nanometers or billionths of a meter wide.

The scientists tested their method on frozen human skin cells, segments of pig heart valves and sections of pig arteries. None of the rewarmed tissues displayed signs of harm from the heating process, and they preserved key physical properties such as elasticity. Moreover, the researchers were able to wash away the nanoparticles from the sample after thawing. However, nanotechnology is still at the level of rabbit organs now. As for human organs, Nanotech is still a long way to go.

The number of donated organs that could be transplanted into patients could increase greatly if there were a way to freeze and reheat organs without damaging the cells within them. The researchers manufactured silica-coated nanoparticles that contained iron oxide. When they applied a magnetic field to frozen tissues suffused with the nanoparticles, the nanoparticles generated heat rapidly and uniformly. The tissue samples warmed up at rates of up to more than 260 degrees Fahrenheit (130 degrees Celsius) per minute, which is 10 to 100 times faster than previous methods.

Since the first successful kidney transplant in 1954, organ transplantation has saved thelives of hundreds of thousands of patients. If it weren't for the large and growing shortage of
donor organs, the life-saving procedure might help even more people. According to the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, more than 120,000 patients are currently on organ-transplant waitlists in the United States, and at least 1 in 5 patients on these waitlists die waiting for an organ that they never receive.

Right now, the majority of organs that could potentially be used for transplants are discarded, 
in large part because they can only be safely preserved for 4 to 36 hours. If only half the hearts 
and lungs that are discarded were successfully transplanted, the waitlists for those organs could 
be eliminated in two to three years, according to the Organ Preservation Alliance.

No matter what methods have been developed, one possible way to save donated organs for transplantation is to freeze them. Ice crystals that can damage cells typically form during freezing, but in prior work, researchers have found a technique known as vitrification — which involves flooding biological specimens with antifreeze-like compounds — that could help cool down organs to stave off decay, while also preventing the formation of ice crystals.

Unfortunately, ice crystals can also form during the reheating process. Moreover, if thawing is not uniform across samples, fracturing or cracking may occur. Although scientists had developed methods to safely use freezing-cold temperatures to "cryopreserve" tissues and organs, they had not yet developed a way to safely reheat them.
 

31. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
(A) Reviving Frozen Organs: Nanotech May Pave the Way
(B) Stop Discarding Organs: New transplanting Technique
(C) More Donated Organs Are Needed to Save More Lives
(D) Big Breakthrough in Reheating Human Brain Process
 

32. According to the article, which of the following statements is true?
(A) 25% of the patients on the organ-transplant waitlists passed away.
(B) Donated organs could only be safely preserved for three days at the most.
(C) With the aid of vitrification, human organs can now be permanently stored.
(D) The formation of ice crystals during freezing and reheating process is a thorny issue.
 

33. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward Nanotech?
(A) The author firmly believes that Nanotech can be the panacea.
(B) The author feels apathetic about the development of Nanotech.
(C) The author takes objection to the aid of Nanotech. 
(D) The author has reserved opinion on the application of Nanotech.
 

The desire to dominate our fellow human beings is innate. You see it among young children. Three-year-olds boss around their younger siblings, shoving them, grabbing their toys, ordering them to act as the pet dog or Egyptian slave in a game of make-believe.

Some adults are just as bad, though usually more subtle. Some bosses force interns to run personal errands for them, just because they can. Some managers build empires rather than better products. Some petty officials flex their bureaucratic muscles because they find it deeply, sinfully pleasurable to bend others to their will. In some countries, they grow rich by making ordinary citizens’ lives so miserable that people bribe them to lay off.

Since the most powerful organizations in the world are governments, politics naturally attracts those who most crave power. And if history has taught us anything, it is that lust is only ever satiated temporarily.

Stalin was not content to be master of a vast empire; he wanted to command his subjects’ thoughts as well as their actions. He punished the slightest hint of dissent with imprisonment or death. Millions starved in the famine he caused in Ukraine because he wouldn’t admit the errors of his farm policy.

Twentieth-century totalitarian leaders amassed power on a scale that past emperors could not have imagined. Orwell was among the first to notice what that meant: “Obedience is not enough. Unless [a citizen] is suffering, how can you be sure that he is obeying your will and not his own?” says O’Brien in “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. “If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face—forever.”

Communism failed because Karl Marx never understood how corrupting and intoxicating power can be. Constitutional democracies are built on a sounder understanding of human nature: we build checks and balances to restrain our leaders.

Democracy is always imperfect, and always in need of repairs. But it is preferable to all other forms of government because it is built on a simple insight: that we, the people, should constantly tighten the binds that tie our masters. Some of them, of course, might enjoy it. 
 

34. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “flex their muscles” in the second paragraph?
(A) To compel one to leave some place with force.
(B) To forcefully interfere with something.
(C) To demonstrate one’s influence or power.
(D) To acquire as many of something as possible.

35. In the fifth paragraph, the author quotes from Orwell and O’Brien to illustrate how the totalitarian leaders had used power. Which of the following quotations best matches the idea of power in this paragraph?
(A) Power doesn’t corrupt people, people corrupt power. – William Gaddis
(B) The universe runs on the principle that one who can exert the most evil on other creatures runs the show. – Bangambiki Habyarimana
(C) Being powerful is like being a lady. If you have to tell people you are, you aren’t.– Margaret Thatcher
(D) Power isn’t control at all — power is strength, and giving that strength to others. – Beth Revis
 

36. According to the passage, why is democracy a more preferable choice to other political systems?
(A) The person in power has no restraints and can therefore act quickly and effectively to solve a problem without having to think about re-election.
(B) The person in power is not held accountable to anyone, neither to the other branches of government nor to the people electing him/her.
(C) The person in power can organize ministries full of officials and experts to ensure the amount of expertise needed to manage every aspect of a government.
(D) The person in power may be voted out of office if they act in an unethical way so they have to be responsible to carry out the will of those who elected them

參考答案