108學年度學科能力測驗英文
本試題為大考中心所有，若有版權問題，歡迎告知，會立即下架
第壹部分：單選題（占72分）
一、詞彙題（占15分）
說明︰第1題至第15題，每題有4個選項，其中只有一個是正確或最適當的選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
1. Bobby cared a lot about his _____ at home and asked his parents not to go through his things without his permission.
(A) discipline (B) facility (C) privacy (D) representation
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
波比很在乎他在家裡的隱私,他要求他的父母未經允許不可以看他的東西。
(A) 紀律 (B) 設施機構 (C) 隱私 (D) 代表;表現
=2. The new manager is a real gentleman. He is kind and humble, totally different from the former manager, who was _____ and bossy.
(A) eager (B) liberal (C) mean (D) inferior
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
新來的經理真是位紳士。他既善良又謙虛,和前位刻薄又跋扈的經理完全不同。
(A) 熱切的 (B) 開明的 (C) 刻薄的;卑鄙的 (D) 較差的
=3. The weather bureau _____ that the typhoon would bring strong winds and heavy rains, and warned everyone of the possible danger.
(A) conveyed (B) associated (C) interpreted (D) predicted
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
氣象局預報颱風將會夾帶強風及豪雨,並提醒民眾可能帶來的危險。
(A) 運送 (B) 聯想;結交 (C) 解釋;理解 (D) 預報
=4. Different airlines have different _____ for carry-on luggage, but many international airlines limit a carry-on piece to 7 kilograms.
(A) landmarks (B) restrictions (C) percentages (D) circumstances
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
不同航空公司對登機行李有不同的規定,但大多國外航空公司限制一件登機行李最重只能 7 公斤。
(A) 地標 (B) 限制;規定 (C) 百分比 (D) 事件
=5. Many people were happy that the government had finally _____ Children’s Day as a national holiday.
(A) appointed (B) declared (C) performed (D) involved
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
政府終於宣布兒童節為國定假日,許多民眾對此感到非常開心。
(A) 任命;指定 (B) 宣布;聲明 (C) 演出;執行 (D) 包含
=6. To reach the goal of making her company a market leader, Michelle _____ a plan to open ten new stores around the country this year.
(A) advised (B) occupied (C) proposed (D) recognized
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
為了達成目標,使她的公司成為市場龍頭,Michelle 提出一項計畫,將在今年於全國開十家新分店。
(A) 勸告 (B) 佔據(C) 提議;提出 (D) 認出;認可
=7. Silence in some way is as _____ as speech. It can be used to show, for example, disagreement or lack of interest.
(A) sociable (B) expressive (C) reasonable(D) objective
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
沉默在某方面而言和演說一樣有表現力。舉例來說,沉默可以用來表示不贊同或缺乏興趣。
(A) 善交際的 (B) 有表現力的 (C) 合理的 (D) 客觀的
=8. This TV program is designed for children, _____ for those under five. It contains no violence or strong language.
(A) particularly (B) sensibly (C) moderately (D) considerably
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
這檔電視節目是為兒童設計的,特別是那些五歲以下的孩童。該節目中沒有任何暴力或激烈言詞內容。
(A) 特別;尤其 (B) 顯著地;明智地 (C) 適度地;溫和地 (D) 相當
=9. Tommy, please put away the toys in the box, or you might _____ on them and hurt yourself.
(A) stumble (B) graze (C) navigate (D) dwell
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
Tommy,請把你的玩具放進箱子裡,否則你會被絆倒而受傷。
(A) 絆倒 (B) 吃草 (C) 航行 (D) 居住
=10. The _____ costume party, held every September, is one of the biggest events of the school year.
(A) initial (B) annual (C) evident (D) occasional
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
這場年度化裝舞會於每年九月舉辦,是學年中最盛大的活動之一。
(A) 最初的 (B) 每年的 (C) 明顯的 (D) 偶爾的
=11. In a job interview, attitude and personality are usually important _____ that influence the decision of the interviewers.
(A) factors (B) outcomes (C) missions (D) identities
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
在工作面試中,態度和個性通常是影響面試官決定的重要因素。
(A) 因素 (B) 結果 (C) 任務 (D) 身分
=12. The snow-capped mountain is described so _____ in the book that the scene seems to come alive in front of the reader’s eyes.
(A) distantly (B) meaningfully (C) cheerfully (D) vividly
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
在這本書中,那座被白雪封頂的山被描述地如此鮮明,景象似乎能浮現在讀者眼前。
(A) 遙遠地 (B) 有意義地 (C) 愉快地 (D) 生動地
=13. Surrounded by flowers blooming and birds _____ merrily, the Wangs had a good time hiking in the national park.
(A) napping (B) scooping (C) flipping (D) chirping
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
被盛開的花兒和啁啾的鳥叫聲圍繞,王家人在國家公園享受了美好的登山時光。
(A) 打盹兒 (B) 用勺舀 (C) 擲 (D) 啁啾聲
=14. It is essential for us to maintain constant _____ with our friends to ensure that we have someone to talk to in times of need.
(A) benefit (B) contact (C) gesture (D) favor
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
和朋友保持聯絡是必要的,我們才能確保在需要時有人能夠談心。
(A) 利益 (B) 接觸 (C) 手勢 (D) 贊同
=15. The young generation in this country has shown less interest in factory work and other _____ labor jobs, such as house construction and fruit picking.
(A) causal (B) durable (C) manual (D) violent
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
這個國家的年輕一代對在工廠工作或是蓋房子、採水果這種動手勞力工作沒什麼興趣。
(A) 偶然的;隨便的 (B) 耐用的 (C) 手工的 (D) 暴力的
=二、綜合測驗（占15分）
說明︰第16題至第30題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第16至20題為題組
April Fools’ Day, one of the most light-hearted days of the year, has an unclear origin. Some see it as a celebration related to the turn of the seasons from winter to spring; others, however, believe that it 16 the adoption of a new calendar.
Ancient cultures celebrated New Year’s Day on or around April 1, which roughly coincides with the beginning of spring. In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII ordered a new calendar, which called for New Year’s Day to be celebrated on January 1. However, many people, either refusing to accept the new date or not having heard about it, 17 to celebrate New Year’s Day on April 1. Other people began to make fun of these traditionalists, sending them on “fool’s errands” or trying to fool them into believing something false. 18 , the practice spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world.
Nowadays, on April Fools’ Day, people often 19 to create elaborate hoaxes to fool others. Newspapers, radio and TV stations, and websites have participated in the April 1 tradition of making 20 reports in order to fool their audiences. The BBC once reported that Swiss farmers were experiencing a spaghetti crop and showed scenes of people harvesting noodles from trees. Guess what? Numerous viewers were fooled.
文章翻譯
愚人節是一年中最讓人感到輕鬆的日子,不過這節日的起源尚未有個定論。有人認為這個節日和慶祝季節由冬入春有關,但也有人認為它 16.起源於新日曆的採用。
在古代文化中,人們在四月一日左右慶祝新年,正好碰上了春天開始之際。西元 1582年,教宗額我略十三世下令改編日曆,將一月一日訂為慶祝新年的日子。然而,許多人要不拒絕接受,要不根本就沒聽過這個新訂定的日子,17.繼續在四月一日這天慶祝新年。其他人則開始取笑這些崇尚傳統的人,要他們做些「愚人差事」,或是試圖讓這些人相信錯誤的消息。18.最終,這個習俗便傳到了歐洲及世界上其他地方。
現今,在愚人節,人們常常 19.費盡心思地設計周全的惡作劇來欺騙別人。報紙、廣播、電視台及網站也在這天有了四月一日傳統,那就是製造 20.虛構的報導來欺騙觀眾。英文廣播公司就曾播報瑞士農民種出義大利麵的新聞,更放上人們從樹上採收麵條的畫面。你知道嗎?許多觀眾都被騙到了呢。
=
16. (A) leads to (B) brings out (C) stems from (D) comes across
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
16. (A) 導致 (B) 拿出; 取出 (C) 起源於 (D) 碰見、遇到
=17. (A) continue (B) continuing (C) to continue (D) continued
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
本段時態為過去式,故答案選 (D) continued。
=18. (A) Precisely (B) Eventually (C) Additionally (D) Literally
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A) 精確地 (B) 最終 (C) 此外 (D) 簡直是
=19. (A) come to an end (B) go to great lengths (C) put in service (D) hold in store
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A) 終結 (B) 竭盡全力 (C) 使用中 (D) 儲備好
=20. (A) fictional (B) essential (C) ancient (D) subjective
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
(A) 虛構的 (B) 重要的 (C) 古老的 (D) 主觀的
=第21至25題為題組
The pineapple, a delicious tropical fruit, has been valued for centuries not only for its distinct and unique taste, but also for its miraculous health and medical benefits. But pineapples can also be a fashionable fruit: Pineapple leaves can 21 a substitute for leather.
The idea was developed when a Spanish designer travelling to the Philippines observed a traditional Filipino shirt 22 together with the fibers of pineapple leaves. After five years of research, she created from pineapple leaves a material which, like real leather, can be used for making bags, shoes, and 23 textile products. It is an eco-friendly and biodegradable fiber.
This eco-friendly leather has clear 24 for the environment, compared to real leather and synthetic leathers. It requires fewer chemicals, making it safer for the workers in factories. Its manufacture also leaves a smaller carbon footprint. In addition, the leftover material following the removal of fibers can even be used as a natural fertilizer back in the pineapple fields.
25 its low cost, this innovative material is already being used by many leading fashion companies to make their products.
參考詳解
鳳梨是一種美味的熱帶水果,幾世紀以來,不僅以獨一無二的風味受到喜愛,也因為其神奇的保健與醫療功效而著名。除此之外,鳳梨還是一種時尚的水果,因為鳳梨葉能 21.作為皮革的替代品使用。這個點子出自於一位西班牙的設計師。她在菲律賓旅遊時,看見當地傳統的上衣與鳳梨葉的纖維 22.編織在一起,於是有了這個想法。經過五年的研究之後,她利用鳳梨葉製成一種類似真皮的材質,可以用來製作包包、鞋子,和 23.其他的紡織品,是一種環保、且能生物分解的纖維。
比起真皮或合成皮,這種環保的皮革為環境帶來顯著的 24.好處。這種皮革在製作的過程中需要的化學物質較少,因此不僅對工廠的工人來說相對安全,也降低了製造過程中釋出的碳排放量。另外,這些剩餘物質在去除纖維後,甚至可以當作天然的肥料,回歸鳳梨田。25.因為這種創新材質要價低廉,許多頂尖的時尚產業公司已經採用了這種物質,來製造自家的產品。
21. (A) bring along (B) turn out (C) account for (D) serve as
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
(A) 攜帶 (B) 結果是...\ (C) (在數量上)佔 (D) 當作...用
=22. (A) wove (B) weaving (C) woven (D) to weave
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
由原句 Filipino shirt (that is) woven together with the fibers of pineappleleaves 簡化而成。
=23. (A) else (B) those (C) other (D) such
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
此句因用於描述「其他的紡織品」,且為不特定多數,故選(C) other。other+ Ns。
=24. (A) advantages (B) considerations (C) opportunities (D) responsibilities
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
(A) 優勢 (B) 考慮 (C) 機會 (D) 責任
=25. (A) Due to (B) Nothing but (C) In contrast to (D) On behalf of
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
(A) 因為 (B) 不過是...而已 (C)相對於 (D) 代表...
=第26至30題為題組
Researchers from a university in Japan have developed “diet-glasses” that play tricks with one’s perception of food, which could be helpful to people on a diet. A camera and a viewing system are built 26 these glasses. As the wearer brings the food toward their mouth, the camera captures an image of the food. It replays the image back through the glasses after processing it on an attached computer. The size of the food they are about to eat is magnified while 27 of their hand remains normal. Their brain is 28 tricked into thinking they are eating more than they really are. The study showed that participants who wore the glasses ate 9.3% less than those who did not wear them.
The team has also developed a special device which uses scent bottles and visual trickery to make the wearers of these glasses think that the plain snack they are eating is 29 than it actually is. The device, for instance, can be set to 30 one’s favorite flavor. Recent experiments with this device showed that 80% of the participants were fooled by the smell. For example, some participants thought that they were eating a chocolate snack, but in fact they were not.
文章翻譯
日本一所大學的研究員研發了能操弄人們對食物感覺的「節食眼鏡」,也能幫助在減肥的人們。這些鏡片中 26.內建著一個相機和觀看系統,當受試者把食物往嘴裡放的同時,相機會捕捉食物的影像。影像在經由連接的電腦處理後,會再透過鏡片重新播放影像。人們即將要吃的食物會被放大,但他們手 27.的大小則會維持原狀。他們的大腦 28.因此就被騙了,認為自己吃了比原本更多的食物。研究顯示;有戴眼鏡的受試者比沒戴眼鏡的少吃了百分之九點三的食物。
這個研究團隊同時也研發了一個特別的裝置。這個裝置利用氣味瓶與視覺欺騙的手法,讓戴著眼鏡的受試者認為他們正在吃的普通點心比實際上的 29.更美味。舉例來說,這個裝置可以設定來 30.散發出一個人最喜歡的口味。關於此裝置最近的實驗顯示:有百分之八十的受試者被氣味所騙,比方說,有受試者認為他們當時正在吃巧克力零食,但事實上並沒有。
26. (A) beyond (B) into (C) from (D) with
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A) 超出 (B) 在...之內 (C) 從 (D) 用
=27. (A) this (B) that (C) some (D) other
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
題目考指示代名詞 that 的用法,代替 the size。
=28. (A) beforehand (B) likewise (C) instead (D) therefore
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
(A) 事先地 (B) 同樣地 (C) 相反地 (D) 因此
=29. (A) prettier (B) larger (C) healthier (D) tastier
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
(A) 更漂亮 (B) 更大 (C) 更健康 (D) 更美味
=30. (A) impress (B) release (C) bother (D) attract
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A) 留下深刻印象 (B) 散發 (C) 打擾 (D) 吸引
=三、文意選填（占10分）
說明：第31題至第40題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的 (A) 到 (J) 選項中分別選出最適當者，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第31至40題為題組
My father started to suffer from memory loss right after his marriage. Or so my mother told us. She said they were married on May 26, while my dad’s memory told him it was June 25. This often 31 their anniversary celebration, for his rose bouquet always came one month late. Mom seldom asked Dad to go shopping in the traditional market for her. But whenever Dad 32 on going, she made sure that he brought a shopping list. Dad certainly had the list 33 when he left for the market, but he would somehow forget it, and then would find it again only after he returned home. Of course, the 34 that he made were based mainly on his memory of the list. Unfortunately, the items were usually different from Mom’s 35 .
My father’s poor memory gave him certain advantages, though. For instance, he was 36 with many secrets in my family and our community. Because of his poor memory, he had the 37 of hearing everyone’s private matters. The reason was 38 : Dad would not remember any of it, we thought. As for our neighbors, they liked to invite my father to dinner so that they could tell him stories about their children, parents, friends, and pets. They also believed the secrets in their families would never be 39 . They were quite right, for my father cared 40 about who did what to whom. But there is one thing he would never forget: showing up for dinner on time.
(A) little (B) purchases (C) trusted (D) requests (E) insisted
(F) ready (G) ruined (H) privilege (I) revealed (J) obvious
參考詳解
答案31. G 32. E 33. F 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. H 38. J 39. I 40. A
我爸爸在結婚之後開始喪失記憶。至少我媽是這樣告訴我們的。她說他們在 5 月 26 號結婚,但我爸的記憶告訴他是 6 月 25 號。這常常 31.破壞 了他們的週年慶祝會,因為我爸的玫瑰花束總是晚了一個月。媽媽很少叫爸爸去傳統市場幫她買東西。但每次爸爸 32.堅持要去的時候,媽媽會確認爸爸有帶購物清單。爸爸去市場前的確有把清單 33.準備好,但不知怎麼地,爸爸都會忘記,而都只有在他回到家時,才會再次找到清單。當然,他所 34.買的東西主要都依靠著他對清單的記憶。很不幸地,項目通常都與媽媽的 35.要求不同。
然而,我爸爸的差記性還是給了他一些好處。舉例來說,我的家庭或我們的生活圈,都可以將很多秘密 36.託付給我爸。因為他記性不好,他可以有聽取大家私人事務的 37.特權。原因非常的 38.明顯:我們覺得我爸都不會記得任何一項秘密。至於我們的鄰居,他們喜歡邀請我爸吃晚餐,這樣他們就可以告訴他有關自己小孩、雙親、朋友、和寵物的故事。他們也相信這些關於家族的秘密不會被 39.洩露。他們的判斷其實蠻正確的,因為我爸 39.幾乎不太在意誰對誰做了什麼事情。但有一件事他絕對不會忘記:準時出席晚餐。
(A) 幾乎不(adv.) (B) 購買(物)(n.) (C) 信任、託付(vt.) (D) 要求(n.) (E) 堅持(vi.) +on(F) 準備好的(a.) (G) 破壞(vt.) (H) 特權(n.) (I) 洩露(vt.) (J) 明顯的(a.)
=
四、閱讀測驗（占32分）
說明︰第41題至第56題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第41至44題為題組
Angelfish, often found in the warm seas and coral reefs, are among the most brightly colored fish of the ocean. Brilliant colors and stripes form amazing patterns on their body. These patterns actually help the fish to hide from danger among roots and plants. At night, when these fish become inactive, their colors may become pale. Often, the young ones are differently colored than the adults. Some scientists believe that the color difference between the young and the old indicates their different social positions.
Another interesting fact about angelfish is that they have an occupation in the fish world. Most of them act as cleaners for other fish and pick dead tissue from their bodies. This is not their food, though. Their diet consists mainly of sponge and algae.
One particular kind of angelfish, the blackspot angelfish, has a special capability that allows it to change gender from female to male. However, the change is not made at random; it happens for a specific reason. Angelfish live in groups, and each group has one male fish, which is blue in color, and four female fish, which are yellow. The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females. When the male dies, the group needs a new “security guard.” This is when the largest female in the group begins to change in appearance. She begins to grow larger in size, and after a week, she starts changing color, from yellow to blue. Slowly, her behavior toward the other fish also changes. She begins behaving like a male. Two weeks later, black stripes appear on her body, indicating the gender change is complete. She is now completely male!
文章翻譯
天使魚常見於溫暖海域或珊瑚礁中,是海洋中顏色最為鮮艷的魚種。絢麗的色彩和條紋在牠們的身上形成美麗的圖樣。這些圖樣實際上能幫助天使魚藏身在植物根部或水草之中躲避危險。42.當天使魚在夜晚漸漸停止活動時,牠們身上的顏色會變淡。通常年輕天使魚和成年天使魚身上的顏色會不同,有些科學家認為年齡之間的顏色差異反映了不同的社會地位。另一項有關天使魚的趣事是,牠們在魚類世界有份工作。41.牠們大多數為其他魚類的清潔工,幫牠們把身體內壞死的組織挑出來。然而這些清出來的垃圾並不是牠們的食物,牠們主要以海綿或藻類為食。
黑紋頰刺魚這種特有的天使魚品種,有轉換性別的特殊能力,讓牠們能從雌性轉為雄性。然而,這種改變並不是隨機的;這只會發生在特定情況下。天使魚是群居生物,每一群天使魚中都會有一隻藍色的公天使魚和四隻黃色的母天使魚。公天使魚是群體當中最強壯且體型最大的成員,負責保護並照顧其他母天使魚。43.當公天使魚死掉時,該群體就會需要一位新的「保鑣」。這時群體中最大的母天使魚,外表就會開始改變。44.她的體型會先變大,一週之後,她身上的顏色會開始改變,從黃色變為藍色。漸漸地,她對其他天使魚的行為也開始改變。她會表現地像公天使魚一樣。兩週之後,黑色條紋會出現在她身體上,這就表示性別轉換已經完成了。她現在已經是一隻公天使魚了!
41. What is the job of an angelfish in the sea?
(A) Being a cleaner for other fish.
(B) Being a bodyguard for other fish.
(C) Being a gardener for roots and plants.
(D) Being a caretaker for sponge and algae.
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
41. 天使魚在海中的工作是什麼?
(A) 其他魚類的清潔工。
(B) 其他魚類的保鑣。
(C) 修剪水生植物的園丁。
(D) 海綿或藻類的褓母。
=42. Which of the following statements is true about the color of angelfish?
(A) Female angelfish are blue in color.
(B) The colors of the fish become less bright at night.
(C) Male angelfish do not have black stripes on them.
(D) The adult fish and the young ones have the same colors.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
關於天使魚的顏色,下列敘述何者正確?
(A) 母天使魚身上的顏色是藍色。
(B) 天使魚身上的顏色在晚上會變淡。
(C) 公天使魚身上沒有黑色條紋。
(D) 成年天使魚和年輕天使魚身上的顏色一樣。
=43. According to the passage, what triggers the gender change in the blackspot angelfish?
(A) Dangers to the group.
(B) Changes in the fish’s diet.
(C) The birth of young angelfish.
(D) The death of the male fish in a group.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
根據本文,何者會使黑紋頰刺魚轉換性別?
(A) 族群遭遇危險。
(B) 飲食改變。
(C) 生下小天使魚。
(D) 群體中的公天使魚死掉。
=44. Which of the following describes the order of changes in the features of a blackspot angelfish during gender change?
(A) Size à behavior à color à stripes.
(B) Color à size à behavior à stripes.
(C) Size à color à behavior à stripes.
(D) Color à behavior à size à stripes.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
下列哪一個選項描述了黑紋頰刺魚性別轉換時的步驟?
(A) 體型→行為→顏色→條紋
(B) 顏色→體型→行為→條紋
(C) 體型→顏色→行為→條紋
(D) 顏色→行為→體型→條紋
=
第45至48題為題組
Totem poles in North America are poles or posts carved with symbols or figures by Aboriginal peoples of the Northwest Coast. Carved from large, straight trees and painted vibrant colors, the totem poles are not just unique works of art. The coastal peoples have long passed on knowledge from generation to generation through oral traditions, and totem poles were the traditional way of telling the story of an individual family or clan.
The totem pole can be grouped into specific categories, depending on its location and the occasion for which it was carved. Welcome poles were traditionally placed on village beachfronts to greet visitors arriving by canoe. Inside the homes of high-ranking chiefs is where house poles were found. The family’s history was carefully carved into each pole. Placed along the rear or front walls of a house, house poles also helped to support the main beam of the roof.
Memorial poles stood in front of a house. They were erected in memory of a deceased chief or a high-ranking clan member. The poles depicted the person’s accomplishments or family history. Mortuary poles were also raised to honor the dead, but they differed from memorial poles, having a burial box placed at the top of the pole. Inside the burial box were the remains of the deceased.
While many of these poles can still be found in various locations on the west coast of North America, there is one pole that can now only be found in a museum—the shame pole. Traditionally, shame poles were carved for a chief to embarrass and ridicule another who had done something wrong. Once the wrong was made right, the pole was taken down.
Totem poles are important expressions of specific Aboriginal cultures. Despite the threats posed by cultural and political encroachment of colonial forces, the art of totem pole carving has survived. Aboriginal carvers continue to carve totems as symbols of their cultural pride and clan kinship.
文章翻譯
北美洲的圖騰柱是雕刻著具有象徵意義或人形圖案的圓柱或圓桿,這些圖騰柱是由西北海岸的原住民所雕刻。由巨挺的樹雕刻而成,再漆上鮮豔的顏色,圖騰柱不單只是獨特的藝術作品而已。沿海居民長久以來以口頭方式在世代間傳承知識,而圖騰柱是一種傳統的方式,用來訴說一個家庭或宗族的故事。圖騰柱可以由其放置地點或使用的場合分為幾種特定的類別,47.歡迎柱傳統上會放置在村莊的海濱地區,來歡迎搭乘獨木舟前來的訪客。在社會地位高的酋長家中,可以看到家庭柱。家族的歷史會詳細地雕刻在圖騰柱上。因為這些柱子會沿著房子前端或後端的牆壁擺放,它們也可以幫助房子的主柱來支撐屋頂。
紀念柱佇立於房子的前方。紀念柱的建造是為了紀念已故的酋長或是高社會地位的宗族成員。這些柱子描繪了這個人的成就和家族歷史。喪葬柱也是為了紀念死者,但它們與紀念柱不同,喪葬柱頂端會擺放死者的棺材,棺材中擺放已故成員的遺體。
雖然這些圖騰柱仍可見於北美西岸許多地方,但只有一種圖騰柱可以在博物館裡看到——羞恥柱。傳統來說,羞恥柱是酋長為了嘲笑和讓做錯事的人難堪而建造,一旦將功贖罪之後,這些羞恥柱就會拆掉。
圖騰柱對某些特定的原住民文化來說是很重要的文化展現。48.即使面對著來自文化與殖民武力的政治侵襲,圖騰柱的雕刻藝術還是存活下來。原住民雕刻家仍繼續在雕刻圖騰,作為文化驕傲與宗族關係的象徵。
45. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
(A) Totem Poles, the Legends of Aboriginal Peoples
(B) Totem Poles: Their Functions
(C) Totem Poles, Symbols of Historical Resistance
(D) Totem Poles: Their Designs
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
45. 下列哪一個選項最適合作為該文章的標題?
(A) 圖騰柱與原住民的傳說。
(B) 圖騰柱:圖騰柱的功能
(C) 圖騰柱與歷史抗爭的象徵。
(D) 圖騰柱:圖騰柱設計
=46. How is the information about totem poles organized in Paragraphs 2 to 4?
(A) In order of importance.
(B) In order of time.
(C) By cause and effect.
(D) By classification.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
在文章第 2~4 段當中,有關圖騰柱的內容如何排序?
(A) 依重要性排序
(B) 依時間順序
(C) 依因果關係
(D) 依分類
=47. Which of the following is located at the edge of a body of water?
(A) The house pole.
(B) The shame pole.
(C) The memorial pole.
(D) The welcome pole.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
下列哪一種圖騰柱會位於水域的邊界?
(A) 家庭柱 (B) 羞恥柱 (C) 紀念柱 (D) 歡迎柱
=48. Which is closest in meaning to the word “encroachment” in the last paragraph?
(A) Invasion. (B) Appointment. (C) Objection. (D) Enrichment.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
48. 下列哪一個字意思最接近文章最後一段的「encroachment」?
(A) 入侵 (B) 指派 (C) 反對 (D) 豐富
=第49至52題為題組
Music has a tendency to get stuck in our heads. Sometimes a tune intrudes on our thoughts and then plays, and replays, in a never-ending loop. This interesting phenomenon becomes a subject explored by many scientists. They use a range of terms to describe it—stuck-song syndrome, sticky music, cognitive itch, or most commonly “earworm.” Earworms can run around our heads for several minutes to numerous hours. As the melody repeats, it becomes embedded into our mind. Even though our ears do not hear the tune, our brain continues to play it.
Earworms often take the form of song fragments rather than entire songs, and the song is usually a familiar one. Researchers are not sure why some songs are more likely to get stuck in our heads than others, but everyone has their own tunes. Often those songs have a simple, upbeat melody and catchy, repetitive lyrics, such as popular commercial jingles and slightly annoying radio hits. Recent or repeated exposure to a song or even a small part of a song can also trigger earworms, as can word associations, such as a phrase similar to the lyrics of a song.
While earworms might be annoying, most people who experience them nevertheless report that they are pleasant or at least neutral. Only a third of people are disturbed by the song in their heads. How people cope with their earworms seems to depend on how they feel about them. Those who have positive feelings about their stuck songs prefer to just “let them be,” while those with negative feelings turn to more behavioral responses, which include coping strategies such as singing, talking, or even praying.
文章翻譯
音樂常常會滯留在我們的腦海中。有時曲調會干擾我們的思考,然後在我們的腦中播放再播放,陷入一個永無止盡的循環。這個有趣的現象成為許多科學家探索一個主題。他們使
用一系列術語來描述它—「滯留歌曲症候群」,「揮之不去音樂」,「認知搔癢」,或最常見的「餘音繞樑」。 餘音繞樑能在我們腦海持續幾分鐘到幾個小時。當旋律重複時,它會嵌入我們的心念中。儘管我們的耳朵沒有聽到這個曲調,但我們的大腦仍繼續播放它。
餘音繞樑的形式通常是歌曲的片段而不是整首歌,而這歌也經常是一首熟悉的歌曲。研究員不確定為什麼有些歌曲比其他歌曲更容易滯留在我們的大腦,但每個人都有自己的旋律曲調。這些歌曲通常具有簡單、活潑的旋律和易記且重複性高的的歌詞,例如流行的廣告歌和有點煩人的電台精選歌曲。近期或是重複接觸的歌曲,甚至是歌曲的一小部分也可以觸發餘音繞樑,文字聯想也有可能觸發,例如與歌詞相似的詞句。
雖然餘音繞樑可能很煩人,但大多有經驗的人們都說餘音繞樑是令人開心的,或至少採取中立的立場。只有三分之一的人會被腦海裡的歌曲所困擾。人們應付餘音繚繞的方式似乎取決於對它們的感受。那些對於滯留歌曲持正面態度的人傾向於「放任不管」,而那些有負面感覺的人會更往往會訴諸於行為反應,其中包括應對策略,如唱歌,說話,甚至祈禱。
=
49. According to the passage, which of the following is true about an earworm?
(A) It is a creature living inside our ears.
(B) It is a tune memorized in a personal way.
(C) It is a melody repeating in our heads.
(D) It is a commercial recalled through lyrics.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
根據這篇文章,以下關於餘音繞樑的敘述,何者是正確的?(可於第一段找到答案)
(A) 它是個住在我們耳朵裡的生物。
(B) 它是一種以個人方式記憶的旋律。
(C) 它是一種在我們腦海裡循環的曲調。
(D) 它是一種透過歌詞回憶的商業廣告。
=50. Which of the following best defines “subject” in the first paragraph?
(A) A kind of mental disease.
(B) A course being taken.
(C) A participant in an experiment.
(D) A matter being studied.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
下列哪個敘述最適合定義第一段的「subject」?
(A) 一種精神病。
(B) 正在修的課。
(C) 實驗當中的一位參與者。
(D) 正在研究的事情。
=51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature that would trigger earworms?
(A) Tunes repeatedly encountered.
(B) Melodies with smooth rhythms.
(C) Fragments of songs recently heard.
(D) Words similar to the lyrics of a song.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
以下何者不是觸發餘音繞樑的特色?(可於第二段找到答案)
(A) 反覆聽到的旋律。
(B) 節奏平和的旋律。
(C) 最近聽到的歌曲片段。
(D) 類似歌詞的文字。
=52. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
(A) Why people find earworms annoying.
(B) How people react to earworms.
(C) What people use to kill earworms.
(D) When people start to notice earworms.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
第三段的主旨為何?
(A) 為什麼人們認為餘音繞樑很煩人。
(B) 人們對餘音繚繞的反應。
(C) 人們用何物去除餘音繚繞。
(D) 人們何時開始注意到餘音繞樑。
=第53至56題為題組
Got a bug bite problem? Many people who are troubled by skin rashes caused by bug bites use “foggers,” or “bug bombs,” to get rid of the annoying crawlers in their homes. Many people think these bug killers or pesticides will penetrate every place where the insects hide. Actually, quite the opposite is true. Once the pests detect the chemical fog in the room, they’ll hide themselves in walls or other hideaways, where you’ll never be able to treat them effectively.
Ohio State University researchers tested three commercially sold foggers in a study on the effect of foggers on bedbugs. After testing these brands on five different groups of live bedbugs for two hours, the scientists saw that the foggers had little—if any—effect on the insects. The researchers said bedbugs hide in cracks and crevices such as under sheets and mattresses, or deep in carpets where foggers won’t reach. Moreover, bugs that do come in contact with the mist may be resistant to the pesticide.
Foggers, or bug bombs, should really be a measure of last resort. First of all, the gases used in bug bombs are highly flammable and thus pose a serious risk of fire or explosion if the product is not used properly. Second, once a bug bomb is used, every surface in your home will be covered with the toxic pesticide. When you use a bug bomb, a chemical mixture rains down on your counters, furniture, floors, and walls, leaving behind oily and toxic substances. Your health might thus be endangered. Therefore, it is suggested that people leave the problem to the professionals.
參考詳解
你有被蟲咬的困擾嗎?許多人被蟲叮咬而起紅疹,他們常用「殺蟲噴霧劑」或「殺蟲劑炸彈」來擺脫家中這些惱人的蟲子。許多人認為這些殺蟲劑能深入這些蟲子藏匿的角落。事實上,這大錯特錯。旦這些害蟲察覺到房內有化學性煙霧,牠們就會躲到牆壁裡面或其他藏身之處,讓你絕對無法有效地將牠們清除乾淨。
俄亥俄州立大學的研究員們在一項研究中使用了三種市售的殺蟲劑,測試殺害臭蟲的效果。研究員將這些牌子的殺蟲劑用在五組不同的活臭蟲上。兩小時候,他們發現這些殺蟲劑幾乎——或者說根本沒有——發揮任何功效。科學家們表示,這些蟲子都藏在裂縫或床單和床墊的縫隙之中,或是在地毯的深處,殺蟲劑根本無法觸及。除此之外,接觸到殺蟲劑的蟲子有可能產生抗藥性。
殺蟲噴霧劑,或殺蟲劑炸彈,應該是逼不得已的最後一道防線。首先,殺蟲劑所用的氣體十分易燃,若沒有正確使用,有可能產生起火或爆炸的危險。第二,一旦使用了殺蟲劑,家裡的每個地方都會沾上有毒的殺蟲劑。當你在使用殺蟲劑時,化學物質會佈滿了每個桌檯、家具、地板和牆壁,而且會留下油性有毒物質,而你的健康將因此受到威脅。所以最好的建議是,民眾還是將這類問題留給專家解決。
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53. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) Steps to get rid of bedbugs.
(B) Ways to use foggers correctly.
(C) The ineffectiveness of bug bombs.
(D) The problems caused by insects.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
此篇文章的要旨是什麼?
(A) 消滅床蝨的步驟
(B) 正確使用殺蟲噴霧劑的方法
(C) 沒有效用的殺蟲劑
(D) 昆蟲引起的問題
=54. How do bedbugs react to foggers?
(A) They remain motionless.
(B) They retreat to safe places.
(C) They stop biting people.
(D) They escape into another house.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
床蝨會對殺蟲劑做出何種反應?
(A) 牠們會保持不動
(B) 牠們為撤退到安全的地點
(C) 牠們會停止叮咬人們
(D) 牠們會逃到另外一間房子
=55. According to the passage, which of the following statements about foggers is true?
(A) They can cause a fire.
(B) They do not stay on furniture.
(C) They can kill most insects.
(D) They do not contain chemicals.
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
根據文章內容,下列關於殺蟲噴霧劑的敘述,何者正確?
(A) 它們會引起火災
(B) 它們不會殘留在家具上
(C) 它們能殺死大部分的蟲子
(D) 它們不含化學物質
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56. What does the author advise people to do with bedbug problems?
(A) Choose the right fogger.
(B) Clean the house regularly.
(C) Close the doors when using pesticides.
(D) Consult a pest-control expert.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
當面臨床蝨問題時,作者建議人們該怎麼做?
(A) 選擇正確的殺蟲劑
(B) 定期清理家裡
(C) 在使用殺蟲劑時關門
(D) 諮詢滅蟲專家
=第貳部分：非選擇題（占28分）
說明：本部分共有二大題，請依各題指示作答，答案必須寫在「答案卷」上，並標明大題號（一、二），若因字跡潦草、未標示題號、標錯題號等原因，致評閱人員無法清楚辨識，其後果由考生自行承擔。作答使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫，且不得使用鉛筆。
一、中譯英（占8分）
說明：1.請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。
2.請依序作答，並標明子題號。每題4分，共8分。
1. 自2007年營運以來，高鐵（the High Speed Rail）已成為臺灣最便利、最快速的交通工具之一。
參考詳解
【答 案】
Since the High Speed Rail started to run in 2 0 0 7 , it has become one of the fastest and most convenient means of transportation in Taiwan .
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2. 對於強調職場效率的人而言，高鐵當然是商務旅行的首選。
參考詳解
【答 案】
For those who emphasize /stress/ place emphasis on efficiency in the wor k place , the High Speed Rail is surely without a doubt the first choice on businesstrips.
=學測英文選擇題答案
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