109學年度學力測驗英文
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1. After hours of discussion, our class finally reached the _____ that we would go to Hualien for our graduation trip.
(A) balance (B) conclusion (C) definition (D) harmony
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
經過數小時的討論後，我們班終於有了結論，我們畢業旅行要去花蓮。
(A)平衡 (B)結論 (C)定義 (D)和諧
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2. Jane _____ her teacher by passing the exam with a nearly perfect score; she almost failed the course last semester.
(A) bored (B) amazed (C) charmed (D) informed
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
Jane 幾乎滿分的分數通過考試，讓她的老師非常驚訝。她上學期這堂課程差點被當了。
(A)使無聊 (B)使驚訝 (C)使迷惑 (D)通知
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3. The vacuum cleaner is not working. Let’s send it back to the _____ to have it inspected and repaired.
(A) lecturer (B) publisher (C) researcher (D) manufacturer
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
吸塵器不工作。讓我們將其送回製造商進行檢查和維修。
(A) 講師 (B) 出版商 (C) 研究員 (D) 製造商
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4. Due to the global financial crisis, the country’s exports _____ by 40 percent last month, the largest drop since 2000.
(A) flattered (B) transformed (C) relieved (D) decreased
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
因為全球金融危機，這個國家上個月的出口減少了 40%，是自從 2000 年以來的最大減幅。
(A)討好 (B)改變 (C)減輕 (D)減少 。
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5. The potato chips have been left uncovered on the table for such a long time that they no longer taste fresh and _____.
(A) solid (B) crispy (C) original (D) smooth
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
薯片長時間未覆蓋在桌子上，以至於它們不再新鮮和酥脆
(A) 實心 (B) 酥脆 (C) 原味 (D) 光滑
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6. The townspeople built a _____ in memory of the brave teacher who sacrificed her life to save her students from a burning bus.
(A) monument(B) refugee (C) souvenir (D) firecracker
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
城鎮的人們建立了一個紀念碑紀念這位勇敢的老師。她犧牲了自己的生命，將她的學生從起 火燃燒的公車上拯救出來。
(A)紀念碑 (B)難民 (C)紀念品 (D)鞭炮
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7. The students in Professor Smith’s classical Chinese class are required to _____ poems by famous Chinese poets.
(A) construct (B) expose (C) recite (D) install
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
Smith 教授的中國古典文學課的學生被要求背誦中國有名詩人的詩詞。
(A)建造 (B)使暴露 (C)背誦 (D)安裝
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8. Although Mr. Tang claims that the house belongs to him, he has not offered any proof of _____.
(A) convention (B) relationship (C) insurance (D) ownership
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
雖然 Tang 先生宣稱這棟房子屬於他，但他並沒有提供任何所有權的證明。
(A)大會 (B)關係 (C)保險 (D)所有權
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9. Ancient Athens, famous for its early development of the democratic system, is often said to be the_____ of democracy.
(A) mission (B) target (C) cradle (D) milestone
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
古代的雅典以民主體制的早期發展聞名，常被稱為民主的發源地。
(A)任務 (B)目標 (C)發源地 (D)里程碑
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10. The candy can no longer be sold because it was found to contain artificial ingredients far beyond the_____ level.
(A) abundant (B) immense (C) permissible (D) descriptive
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
這個糖果無法再販售了，因為它被發現所含有的人工添加物已經超乎可允許的標準。
(A)充足的 (B)巨大的 (C)可允許的 (D)可描述的
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11. Jack’s excellent performance in last week’s game has _____ all the doubts about his ability to play on our school basketball team.
(A) erased (B) canceled (C) overlooked (D) replaced
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
Jack 在上禮拜比賽的傑出表現，消除了他是否有能力加入我們籃球校隊的懷疑。
(A)消除(B)取消 (C)俯瞰(D)替換
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12. It is bullying to _____ a foreign speaker’s accent. No one deserves to be laughed at for their pronunciation.
(A) mock (B) sneak (C) prompt (D) glare
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
嘲笑外國人的口音是一種霸凌。沒有人應該因為發音而被取笑。
(A)嘲笑 (B)偷偷走 (C)促使 (D)怒視
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13. Mary lost ten kilograms in three months, so her _____ skin-tight jeans are now hanging off her hips.
(A) barely (B) evenly (C) currently (D) formerly
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
Mary 在三個月內減了 10 公斤，所以她之前的緊身牛仔褲現在臀部的地方變得很鬆垮。
(A)幾乎沒有 (B)均衡地 (C)現在 (D)以前
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14. The police officer showed us pictures of drunk driving accidents to highlight the importance of staying _____ on the road.
(A) sober (B) majestic (C) vigorous (D) noticeable
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
警察向我們展示酒駕意外的照片並強調在路上保持清醒的重要。
(A)清醒的 (B)雄偉的 (C)精力充沛的 (D)顯而易見的
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15. The claim that eating chocolate can prevent heart disease is _____ because there is not enough scientific evidence to support it.
(A) creative (B) disputable (C) circular (D) magnificent
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
吃巧克力可以避免心臟疾病的斷言是有爭議的，因為還沒有足夠的科學證據支持這個說法。
(A)有創意的 (B)有爭議的 (C)圓形的 (D)壯麗的
=二、綜合測驗（占15分）
說明︰第16題至第30題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第16至20題為題組
The art and tradition of using all-natural paste from the henna plant to create temporary henna tattoos goes back to ancient Asia and the Middle East. Over the centuries, henna tattoos 16 used in weddings and holiday celebrations because they are thought to carry blessings from the gods. Today, the ancient art form has found a new 17 in the hands of contemporary artists.
Henna Heals, an artist group based in Canada, uses henna tattoos to help women suffering from cancer feel confident and beautiful again. They draw elegant henna crowns on the women’s bare heads to help them 18 the loss of their hair after cancer treatment. Featuring floral patterns, religious symbols, and messages of hope, the painted henna crowns are amazing substitutes for the hats and wigs that the cancer patients would 19 use to cover their heads. Many women report that the henna crowns really work as a healing device, helping them build a more 20 self-image at a time when they are vulnerable and depressed. According to Frances Darwin, founder of Henna Heals, the number of artists now involved in the project across Canada and the US has grown to over 150.
文章翻譯
在運用指甲花做的純天然染料，來做出暫時性的指甲花彩繪的藝術與傳統，可以追溯到古代亞洲與 中東地區。幾百年以來，指甲花的彩繪紋身一直都被使用在婚禮上和節日的慶祝中，因為大家相信 這些彩繪能帶來神的祝福。現今，這項古老的藝術形式，在當代藝術家的手中，已經出現了新的應 用方式。 Henna Heals 是一個設立於加拿大的藝術團體，他們用指甲花彩繪來幫助受到癌症折磨的女性，讓 她們能再次感到自信與美麗。他們在這些女性光禿的頭上畫上典雅的指甲花王冠，幫助她們處理在癌 症治療後的掉髮問題。這些以花卉圖樣、宗教符號和希望的訊息為特色的指甲花彩繪王冠，可以做為 癌症病患原本要拿來蓋住頭部的帽子和假髮的理想替代品。許多女性說，指甲花王冠的確可以做為一 種治療的手段，幫助她們在脆弱以及沮喪的時候建立更加正面的自我形象。根據 Henna Heals 的創辦 人 Frances Darwin 的說法，在加拿大和美國參與這項計畫的藝術家人數已成長至超過 150 人。
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16. (A) were being (B) have been (C) will be (D) had to be
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
從古至今，所以是現在完成式最為符合
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17. (A) competition (B) application (C) investigation (D) participation
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A)競爭 (B)應用 (C)調查 (D)參與
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18. (A) carry away (B) build on (C) cope with (D) get off
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
(A)帶走 (B)以甚麼為基礎 (C) 應付處理 (D)下車
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19. (A) moreover (B) altogether (C) namely (D) otherwise
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
(A)此外 (B)完全 (C)也就是說 (D)別樣地
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20. (A) positive (B) general (C) flexible(D) considerate
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
(A)正向的 (B)普遍的 (C)有彈性的 (D)體貼的
=第21至25題為題組
When a person sneezes, the droplets can spread diseases. Now research shows that plants have a somewhat 21 problem. Plant diseases can also spread through tiny water drops that jump off leaves—a plant’s version of a sneeze.
Scientists already knew earlier that wind and splashes of rainwater can move bacteria and other germs from leaf to leaf. 22 other possible transmission routes, researchers at Virginia Tech observed water drops on the leaves of wheat plants that were infected with leaf rust. They found that the sick plants could “sneeze” and 23 tiny water drops filled with leaf rust germs, spreading the disease to neighboring plants.
The researchers noticed that small drops of water on the wheat leaves would move to combine and form a larger drop. As they were moving, the energy of the droplets in motion would be released. This energy allowed the water 24 into the air, which looked just like sneezing!
However, not all plants can sneeze. The ability is 25 to those with leaves that are hydrophobic, or repel water—a special feature that forces the liquid to move away when the leaf is exposed to it.
文章翻譯
當一個人打噴嚏的時候，那些飛沫能傳播疾病。現在研究指出植物也有大概相似的問題。植物的 疾病也能透過從葉子上掉落的小水滴傳播 - 一種植物版本的噴嚏。
科學家先前就知道，風和潑濺的雨水可以把細菌和其他病原菌從一片葉子帶到另一片葉子。為了 尋找其他可能的傳播路徑，維吉尼亞理工學院的研究員觀察感染了葉鏽病的小麥葉上的水滴。他們發 現，生病的植物會「打噴嚏」，並噴出充滿葉鏽病細菌的小水滴，把疾病傳播到鄰近的植物上。
研究員注意到，小麥葉上的小水滴會匯聚成比較大的水滴。當它們移動的時候，移動中的水滴會 釋放出蘊含的能量。這樣的能量讓水能彈跳到空中，看起來就像打噴嚏似的！ 然而，並不是所有的植物都會打噴嚏。這項能力專屬疏水性的，或防潑水的葉子所特有——一種 會讓葉子碰到液體時，將其排開的特色。
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21. (A) similar (B) miserable (C) realistic (D) temporary
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
(A)相似的 (B)悲慘的 (C)現實的 (D)暫時的
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22. (A) As a result of (B) In a search for(C) With a view to (D) To the extent of
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A) 因為；由於 (B)尋找 (C)為了 (D)到……的程度
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23. (A) shoot out (B) hold on (C) come across (D) give up
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
(A)噴出 (B)堅持 (C) 偶然發現 (D)放棄
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24. (A) jump (B) to jump (C) jumping (D) jumped
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
allow sth to V 允許sth做...
25. (A) curious (B) relative (C) unique (D) primitive
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
(A)感到好奇的 (B)相對的 (C)獨特的 (D) 原始的
=第26至30題為題組
The idea of Blue Monday dates back to a 2005 campaign by Sky Travel. The travel company wanted to 26 people to take January vacations, so they reached out to a psychologist. The scholar then developed an equation to find the most depressing day of the year, and it turned out to be the third Monday in January. Since then, other companies have jumped on the bandwagon to promote everything from soft drinks to new clothes as a 27 . A group in the UK even started a website devoted to “beating Blue Monday.”
Many scientists, however, say there is no evidence that Blue Monday causes any more sadness than other specific days of the year. 28 , the idea of Blue Monday persists. According to psychologist Dean Burnett, people feel down in January 29 post-holiday discontent, and the Blue Monday claim makes it seem like there are scientific reasons for this. Also, the idea 30 a very complex issue regarding depression into something simple and easily understandable, and that tends to appeal to a lot of people.
文章翻譯
憂鬱星期一這個點子，可回溯到 2005 年由 Sky Travel 舉辦的活動。這間旅遊公司想要鼓勵人們在 一月的時候度假，所以他們向一位心理學家請益。這位學者就開發出了一個方程式，要找出一年之中 最令人失落的日子，而結果是一月的第三個星期一。從那時起，其他的公司也跟上這波潮流，把所有 的東西，從飲料到新衣服，都當成一種療法在宣傳推銷。一個英國的團體甚至設立一個網站，致力於 「打倒憂鬱星期一」。
許多科學家說，並沒有證據能證明，憂鬱星期一比一年中其他特定的日子更讓人難過。但憂鬱星期一這個概念仍持續著。根據心理學家 Dean Burnett 的說法，人們在一月份感到情緒低落 是因為放假後的不滿足感，而憂鬱星期一這個說法，讓這一切看起來有科學上的依據。此外，這個想 法把一個關於抑鬱、消沈的複雜議題，分解成比較簡單、並且容易理解的東西。這樣的做法容易吸引 到非常多人。
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26. (A) increase (B) require(C) command (D) encourage
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
(A)增加 (B)需要 (C)命令 (D)鼓勵
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27. (A) disguise (B) merit (C) remedy (D) ceremony
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
(A)偽裝 (B)優點 (C)療法 (D)典禮
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28. (A) If so (B) And yet (C) On that (D) With this
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A) 如果是 (B) 而 (C) 在那個 (D) 有了這個
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29. (A) as for (B) owing to (C) in spite of (D) with respect to
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
(A)至於 (B) 因為 (C)儘管 (D)關於
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30. (A) breaks down (B) mixes up (C) tears off (D) results in
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
(A)分解 (B)混合 (C)撕下 (D)導致
=三、文意選填（占10分）
說明：第31題至第40題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的 (A) 到 (J) 選項中分別選出最適當者，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第31至40題為題組
Dimples are small folds or indentations on the cheeks of one’s face. Generally, they appear on both cheeks; a single dimple on one cheek is a relatively 31 phenomenon. Some cultures are found to show preference for dimples on one’s cheeks, as the feature is claimed to be a sign of 32 .
Though often associated with beauty, most dimples are actually a genetic 33 caused by shortened facial muscles. When a person smiles, the shorter-than-normal muscle pulls up the facial skin, which in turn creates a small indentation—or dimple—in the skin. Such dimples tend to occur in families, and are assumed to be an inherited feature. In fact, some researchers believe that the 34 of dimples from parents to children takes only one gene. If neither of the parents has dimple genes, their children will not 35 the trait.
Not all dimples are formed by a genetic defect, though; some may appear due to the 36 of excessive fat on the face. Such dimples are not a permanent trait, for they vanish when the excessive fat goes away. Many babies, for example, have dimples on their 37 cheeks. As they grow older and lose their baby fat, the dimples may 38 with time.
For those people who were born without 39 dimples, various methods can be applied to successfully create them. These methods 40 from a simple step like makeup to a drastic one like surgery. It all depends on whether you think it is worth the effort.
(A) flaw (B) exhibit (C) chubby (D) attractiveness (E) fade
(F) rare (G) range (H) transfer (I) natural (J) presence
參考詳解
酒窩是一個人臉頰上的皺褶或坑洞。一般來說，酒窩會出現在兩頰。酒窩只出現在一邊的臉頰是 個相當罕見的現象。有些文化偏好人的臉上有酒窩，因為這樣的特色被認為是一種吸引力的象徵。
雖然酒窩經常與美麗聯想，大部分的酒窩其實是由較短的臉部肌肉所導致的基因缺陷。當一個人 微笑時，比正常長度還要短的肌肉拉扯臉的皮膚，進而造成了坑洞——或酒窩——在皮膚上。酒窩經 常會發生在親人身上，也被認為是一種遺傳的特徵。事實上，有些研究人員相信親子之間的酒窩的遺 傳只需要一個基因。如果父母親都沒有酒窩的基因，小孩將不會顯現這樣的特徵。
然而，並不是所有的酒窩都是基因的缺陷所造成。有些酒窩出現是因為臉上出現過多的脂肪。這 樣的酒窩並不會一輩子持續，因為當脂肪不見後，酒窩也就消失了。舉例來說，很多寶寶微胖的臉頰 上會出現酒窩。當他們長大後，沒有嬰兒肥了，這些酒窩便會隨著時間而消逝。 對一些天生就沒有酒窩的人，有各式各樣的方法可以用來成功的創造出酒窩。這些方法的範圍從 像是化妝的簡單步驟到像是手術之類的激烈手段。一切都看你是否認為值得。
(A) 瑕疵 (B) 表現 (C) 胖 (D) 吸引力 (E) 褪色
(F) 稀有 (G) 範圍 (H) 轉移 (I) 自然 (J) 存在
四、閱讀測驗（占32分）
說明︰第41題至第56題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第41至44題為題組
The flip-flop is the simplest shoe on the planet. It consists of a piece of rubber, plastic, leather, or woven material in the outline of a foot, with a strap holding the sandal to a wearer’s toes. The name comes from the sound the sandals make when they slap the walking feet.
The earliest record of people wearing the flip-flop comes from Egypt, but many ancient cultures had their own variants of the footwear. In the Greek version, the toe strap ran between the first and second toes, while Roman sandals had the strap between the second and third toes. The Mesopotamians wore the strap between the third and fourth toes. In India, “toe knob” sandals had a knob between the first and second toes.
Modern flip-flops derive from Japanese zōris, which were often worn with socks dividing the big toe from the rest, and were typically made of rice straw. During World War II, Japan seized much of Southeast Asia’s rubber. In 1945, devastated from the war, the country set about establishing a cheap industry that could rebuild its economy. The Japanese used their rubber reserves from the war to mass-produce the simplest Japanese footwear. Rubber thus replaced rice straw as the major material for the flip-flop.
In the 1950s, flip-flops became popular in the United States as soldiers returning from occupied Japan brought zōris home. The sandals have subsequently undergone redesign, often appearing in bright colors in line with Californian beach culture. They have remained popular due to their convenience, and are often worn with bathing suits or summer clothing. Some people also wear dressy versions for more formal occasions.
Despite their popularity, flip-flops provoke some questions. Their simple design is responsible for many foot injuries. Another issue is the suitability of exposing feet on the street and places other than the beach. But even more serious is their environmental impact: Millions of plastic discards end up in landfills or the ocean, releasing chemicals and at the same time taking centuries to decompose.
文章翻譯
人字拖是這世界上結構最簡單的一種鞋子。它是由一塊有著腳掌輪廓的橡膠、塑膠、皮革或織品所 組成的，加上一條把腳趾與涼鞋固定在一起的帶子。這個名字來自於這種鞋在步行時，拍打腳時所產 生的聲音。
人類穿著人字拖的最早紀錄出現在埃及，但許多古代文化都有它們自己版本的人字拖。希臘版的人 字拖，固定腳指的鞋帶在第一指和第二指之間，而羅馬版的則是在第二指與第三指之間。美索不達米 雅人把鞋帶穿在第三指與第四指之間。在印度的涼鞋，在第一指與第二指之間有一個球型突起物。
現代的人字拖從日本的「草鞋」衍生而來。草鞋一般由稻桿製作而成，通常搭配著能把腳的拇指與 其他指頭分開的襪子一起穿。在二戰的時候，日本掌控東南亞大部分的橡膠。
在 1945 年，遭戰爭嚴重 破壞的日本開始建立能重振國內經濟的低成本產業。日本人運用他們戰爭時期儲備的橡膠，大量生產 這種最簡單的鞋子。橡膠也因此取代了稻稈，成為製作人字拖的主要材料。 在 1950 年代，人字拖在美國受到歡迎，因為美軍從他們駐紮的日本將人字拖帶回國。這種涼鞋之 後經過重新設計，常常呈現與加州海灘文化相呼應的亮色系。這些鞋子因為它們的方便性廣受歡迎， 也常常搭配泳衣或者夏日服飾。有些人在正式場合也會穿著較正式的款式。
雖然人字拖很受歡迎，但它們也引起了一些問題。人字拖簡單的設計引起許多足部傷害。另一個問 題是，在街上和其他除了海灘以外的地方，把腳裸露出來的合適性。但是更加嚴重的是它們對環境的 影響：數百萬件塑膠廢棄物，最後都到了垃圾掩埋場和海洋裡，釋放出化學物質，同時也得花好幾個 世紀才能被分解。
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41. Which culture most likely created the sandals shown in the picture?
(A) Indian.
(B) Greek.
(C) Mesopotamian.
(D) Roman.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
41. 哪一個文化最有可能創造出圖中的涼鞋？
(A)印度 (B)希臘 (C)美索不達米雅 (D)羅馬。
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42. Why is the footwear discussed in the passage called “flip-flop”?
(A) Because of the noise it makes.
(B) Because of its changeable design.
(C) Because of its simple structure.
(D) Because of the comfort of wearing it.
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
42. 為什麼文章中所談論的鞋款稱為「人字拖」？
(A)因為它所發出的聲音。
(B)因為它多變化的設計。
(C)因為它簡單的構造。
(D)因為穿著的舒適感。
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43. Which of the following is true about the modern development of the flip-flop?
(A) Modern flip-flops originated from Indian toe knob sandals.
(B) Americans loved the Japanese flip-flop because of its bright colors.
(C) Rubber became the major material of the flip-flop before World War II.
(D) The sandals American soldiers brought home from Japan later became modern flip-flops.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
43. 下列對於人字拖現代發展的敘述，何者為真？
(A)現代人字拖起緣於印度的夾趾涼鞋。
(B)美國人喜愛日本人字拖是因為它明亮的顏色。
(C)橡膠在二戰前成為人字拖的主要材料。
(D)美軍從日本帶回的涼鞋，之後便成了現代人字拖。
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44. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern of wearing the flip-flop?
(A) Personal health.
(B) Poor quality.
(C) Social appropriateness.
(D) Marine pollution.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
44. 下列何者不是文章中提及穿著人字拖需要擔心的事？
(A)個人健康。
(B)低劣的品質。
(C)在社交場合的適當性。
(D)海洋污染。
=第45至48題為題組
Ships are the lifeline of trade among countries. Almost everything, from food to machinery, comes by way of the sea in huge ships piloted by captains. But the captain of a ship is responsible for guiding the vessel until they hit a port, waiting to enter the harbor. The task of bringing the ship into the harbor and anchoring it is taken up by a different captain. This captain is called a marine pilot.
A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor. The pilot is needed to direct large ships into a port, where there are often deep water channels surrounded by shallower seabeds. Without the services of a marine pilot, docking ships would be hazardous. There would be a real chance of running aground and damaging the ship and the cargo, some of which might be dangerous if released into a water-based ecosystem.
In addition to the shallower seabeds, tide and wind pose further challenges for bringing ships into a port. During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other. The same strategy for docking a vessel during an incoming tide may not work during an outgoing tide. Also, the wind can significantly alter the direction of the ship and how it reacts, adding to the difficulty of anchoring the ship.
Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking. Above all, it is about risk management. A marine pilot goes on board at a crucial time and controls the vessel based on his or her knowledge of the port and the situation at hand. The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment.
文章翻譯
船隻是國際貿易的命脈。基本上，從食物到大型機械，幾乎每一項東西都由船長所駕駛的大船從 海路而來。而一艘船的船長要負責指引方向，直到他們到了港口、等待入港。將船引領進港口和下錨 的任務由另一位不同的船長負責。這位船長被稱作引水人。
引水人是一位對於特定的港灣或港口具備專業知識的領港員。需要引水人指引大船入港，港口深 水航道常被較淺海床所圍繞。沒有引水人的服務，停泊船隻會變得很危險。有機會使船隻擱淺，並損 害船隻與貨櫃。有些貨櫃若落入水中，可能會危及水生生態系。
除了較淺的海床之外，潮汐與風，也是要把船隻引入港要面對的進一步挑戰。在不同的潮汐中， 水流可能從原本的方向，改變成另一個方向。漲潮時，停泊船隻所採用的做法，在退潮時可能起不了 作用。此外，風可能大幅地改變船隻方向，而如何應對，也會增加下錨的困難。 引水人是一項需要高度專業，和快速獨立思考的工作。最重要的是，這是一項關於危機管理的工 作。
引水人在關鍵時刻登船，接著運用他對於港口的知識還有眼前的狀況，來控制船隻。引水人要負 責的，不只是船隻的安全，還有保護港口以及海洋環境。
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45. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) A special profession.
(B) Shipping and trading.
(C) Guidelines for safe docking.
(D) Protection of the marine environment.
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
45. 這篇文章主要和什麼有關？
(A)一項特殊的職業。 (B)運輸與貿易。
(C)安全停泊船隻的準則。 (D)海洋環境的保護。
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46. Which of the following is part of the knowledge that a marine pilot must have?
(A) The value of the ships.
(B) The content of the cargo.
(C) The weather conditions.
(D) The diversity of marine life.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
46. 下列何者是引水人必須要具備的知識？
(A)船隻的價值。 (B)貨櫃的內容物。
(C)天氣狀況。 (D)海洋生物的多樣性。
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47. What does “a crucial time” in the last paragraph refer to?
(A) When the vessel hits a flat.
(B) When the channel is not deep enough.
(C) When there is a collision of two ships.
(D) When a ship is waiting to enter the port.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
47. 最後一段的「關鍵時刻」指的是？
(A)當船隻撞上淺灘。 (B)當水道不夠深的時候。
(C)當兩艘船相撞的時候。 (D)當船隻在等待入港的時候。
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48. How does the author conclude the passage in the last paragraph?
(A) By adding new details.
(B) By predicting future development.
(C) By summarizing the main points.
(D) By giving advice to the general public.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
48. 作者在最後一段如何為文章作結論？
(A)添加新的細節。 (B)預測未來發展。 (C)把重點做總結。 (D)給大眾建議。
=第49至52題為題組
Probably the most widely used oil in cooking, olive oil is made by crushing olives with stone or steel blades to release the oil. Extra virgin oil, the finest grade, is made from the first pressing of the olives and has a very low acidity rate (under 1%). To be qualified as “extra virgin,” the oil must also pass both an official test in a laboratory and a sensory evaluation by a trained tasting panel. It must be free from impurity, while exhibiting some fruitiness and creating a pleasant bitter flavor along with a peppery sensation in the mouth. Second on the ranking is virgin olive oil. It is also a first pressing, but has a slightly higher acidity level (under 2%). Lastly, pure olive oil is the cheapest olive oil. It is refined to remove its impurities and blended to improve flavor, and is recommended for all-purpose cooking.
Packaging and storage also have an impact on the quality of olive oil. Olive oil spoils quickly when exposed to direct sunlight, so it should be stored in the dark at 16-18°C. Moisture and oxygen promote oxidation and therefore limit its shelf life. Plastic containers usually do not provide adequate protection from light, heat, or moisture; additionally, small particles in plastics can leak into the oil, which further reduces its quality.
Olive oil tasters have long adopted descriptive terms such as “pure” and “light” to evaluate the quality of olive oil. Recently, however, the International Olive Council (IOC) is seeking input on test methods to improve the transparency of the testing process and boost the accuracy of the results. A redefinition of the term “olive oil” is also proposed to make a clear distinction between virgin olive oil and pure olive oil. Industry members of the IOC hope to promote the trade of olive oil by initiating these changes.
文章翻譯
橄欖油可能是烹飪時最廣泛使用的油，是以石頭或鋼的刀片壓碎橄欖所釋放的油所製成。特級冷 壓橄欖油為最高等級，是初榨橄欖油所製，並且擁有非常低的酸價（不到 1%）。要被認證為「特級冷 壓」，油品必須同時通過一項實驗室的官方測試，以及由受過味覺訓練的專家小組所進行的感官評價。 它必須要純淨，同時展現出一些果香味，並且在口腔創造出令人愉悅的苦澀與辛辣味。第二等級的橄 欖油為冷壓橄欖油。它也是初榨，但酸價稍高（2%以下）。最後，純橄欖油是最便宜的橄欖油。它經 過精煉去除雜質，以及混合其他油品以增進風味，並且被推薦適合所有的烹飪使用。
包裝與儲藏對於橄欖油的品質也有影響。當橄欖油暴露在直接的陽光照射下腐敗速度快，所以它 應該被儲藏於 16-18°C 的陰涼處。濕度與氧氣會促進氧化速度，因而限制橄欖油在貨架上的壽命。塑 膠容器通常無法提供對抗來自光線、熱氣或濕度的足夠保護。另外，塑膠中的小粒子會滲進油中，會 進一步的降低橄欖油的品質。
橄欖油品評者長期使用「純」、「淡」等形容詞以評價橄欖油的品質。然而最近國際橄欖理事會（IOC） 正在尋找能增加的測試方式以改善測試程序的透明度，以及測試結果的精確性。對於「橄欖油」一詞 的重新定義也被理事會提出，藉此在冷壓橄欖油與純橄欖油之間制定一個清楚的區隔。IOC 的產業界 成員期望能透過啟動這些改變來提升橄欖油的貿易。
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49. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) The flavor of olive oil.
(B) The trade of olive oil.
(C) The promotion of olive oil.
(D) The quality of olive oil.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
49. 本文主要與什麼有關？
(A)橄欖油的風味。
(B)橄欖油的貿易。
(C)橄欖油的推廣。
(D)橄欖油的品質。
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50. Which of the following statements is true about extra virgin olive oil?
(A) It is free from any bitter flavor.
(B) It is refined to remove its impurities.
(C) It requires mixing of more than one kind of oil.
(D) It has a lower acidity rate than virgin olive oil.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
50. 下列關於特級冷壓橄欖油的敘述何者正確？
(A)它沒有任何苦澀的味道。
(B)它被精煉過以去除雜質。
(C)它需要混合超過一種的油品。
(D)它比冷壓橄欖油的酸價低。
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51. According to the passage, what is the best way to store olive oil?
(A) In a plastic container in a damp cellar.
(B) In a clear glass bottle near the kitchen stove.
(C) In an airtight glass bottle in a kitchen cupboard.
(D) In an airproof bottle next to a well-lighted window.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
【試題解析】
51. 根據本文，何者為儲存橄欖油的最佳方式？
(A)在潮濕地窖裡的塑膠容器內存。
(B)靠近廚房爐子的透明玻璃杯內。
(C)廚房碗櫥裡的氣密玻璃瓶內。
(D)靠近全日照窗戶旁的密封瓶內。
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52. What is the IOC trying to do?
(A) Train more qualified olive oil tasters.
(B) Improve the ways of grading olive oil.
(C) Look for new techniques to boost production.
(D) Build better connections among industry members.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
【試題解析】
52. IOC 試圖要做什麼？
(A)訓練更多橄欖油品評人。
(B)改善橄欖油等地評鑑的方式。
(C)尋找提高產量的技術。
(D)在成員間建立更良好的聯絡方式。
=第53至56題為題組
Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.
The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17.
Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.
This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger. The barking of the hound, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.
RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include static barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but “the noises will not be blared in areas where people live beside the tracks.”
文章翻譯
在日本的研究人員已在火車上安裝一種喇叭，這種喇叭會發出狗叫聲與鹿的噴氣聲為了避免在鐵 軌上與動物碰撞。
這個國家飽受火車與鹿在鐵軌上相撞的困擾。根據日本的交通部，2016 到 2017 年，有 613 起因 為火車撞到鹿或其他生物導致火車服務被停止或延誤至少 30 分鐘的事件。
鹿會被鐵軌所吸引，是因為牠們的飲食需要鐵。鹿會舔鐵軌，以攝取因輪子與鐵軌摩擦後產生的 鐵質。這個飲食的需求造成一場不斷重覆的戰爭，為了使鹿遠離不斷向前衝的火車。在過去，為了防 止鹿接近鐵軌，嘗試用紅燈閃示或甚至使用獅臉(1)，都宣告失敗。
這個新的裝置被這個國家的鐵道綜合技術研究所（RTRI）發明。鐵道綜合技術研究所官方解釋， 當鹿在感覺到危險時，習慣重覆發出短而刺耳的聲音來警告其他同伴。根據鐵道綜合技術研究所，使 用灰狗的叫聲，讓鹿感到驚慌，進而加強警告音的效果。當鹿聽到 3 秒的鹿噴氣聲與長達 20 秒的狗吠 聲，牠們感到驚慌然後快速的逃跑。
鐵道綜合技術研究所研究人員說，在鹿最容易被看見的深夜時分進行初步測試，結果顯示在測試 期間，鹿出現的情形少了 45%。未來的計畫包涵在鹿常出現的地點，發出固定的狗吠聲，但是當鐵軌 旁有人居住時，這些聲音並不會發出。
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53. Why are deer attracted to train tracks?
(A) They mate at night near railways.
(B) They need nutrition from train tracks.
(C) They like to snort at the passing train.
(D) They sharpen their horns rubbing against the rails.
參考詳解
【答 案】(B)
53. 鹿被吸引至鐵軌的原因為何？
(A)牠們通常於深夜於軌道附近求偶。 (B)牠們需要來自軌道的營養物。 (C)牠們喜歡對經過的火車發出噴氣聲。 (D)牠們藉由鐵軌來磨利鹿角。
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54. What device has NOT been used to solve the railway problem in Japan?
(A) Flashing lights.
(B) Barking speakers.
(C) Noisy train tracks.
(D) Lion face paintings.
參考詳解
【答 案】(C)
54. 下列哪項裝備不曾被用來解決日本的鐵路問題？ (A)閃爍的燈光。 (B)吠叫揚聲器。 (C)發出噪音的鐵軌。 (D)獅臉圖畫。
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55. Which of the following is true about the deer issue discussed in the passage?
(A) RTRI’s new invention prompts deer to run away.
(B) People living near the tracks complain about deer snorts.
(C) 45 percent of train delays in Japan was caused by deer collision.
(D) A combination of sound and visual devices attracts more deer to the tracks.
參考詳解
【答 案】(A)
【試題解析】
55. 文章中討論關於鹿的議題，下列哪項為真？
(A)鐵道綜合技術研究所的新發明能夠驅趕鹿。
(B)軌道周遭的民眾抱怨鹿的噴氣聲。
(C)45%的日本火車延誤事件都因與鹿相撞而起。
(D)聲音與視覺裝備的組合會吸引更多鹿前往鐵軌周遭。
=
56. What does the author mean by “the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock” in the
third paragraph?
(A) The heavy weight of iron materials.
(B) The cruelty of a barking hound.
(C) The battle between deer and other animals.
(D) The danger of a fast-moving train.
參考詳解
【答 案】(D)
【試題解析】
56. 作者在第三段所說的「the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock」是什麼意思？
(A)鐵的沉重重量。 (B)獵狗吠叫聲的兇猛。 (C)鹿與其他動物的鬥爭。 (D)高速行駛火車的危險。
=第貳部分：非選擇題（占28分）
一、中譯英（占8分）
說明：1.請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。
2.請依序作答，並標明子題號。每題4分，共8分。
1. 我們有時會違背自己的意願去做某些事情，就只為了要取悅朋友。
參考詳解
Once in a while, we do something against our will in order to please our friends.
=2. 其實，在面對同儕壓力的時候，我們應該學習堅持自己的原則。
參考詳解
In fact, we should learn to stick to our principles when facing peer pressure.
=最後學測英文解答
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